Programming fundamentals & Data Types

• What type of loop is a for loop?

  Count controlled
• What type of loop is a while loop?

  Condition controlled
• Variable

  A memory location within a computer program where values are stored.
• name= "John"

  What is 'name' an example of?

  A variable
• Constant

  A constant allows a value to be assigned a name. Unlike a variable, the value assigned to a constant cannot be changed whilst the program is running.
• Integer

  A whole number
• Real/float

  A number with a decimal point
• Char/Character

  A single character or symbol which can be typed
• String

  Zero or more characters enclosed in quote marks e.g. "Hello"
• Boolean

  Can only take the value True or False
• Is == a comparison operator or arithmetic?

  Comparision
• x= "Hello"

  print(x.upper)

  What does this print?

  HELLO
• x= "Hello"

  print(x.lower)

  What does this print?

  hello
• x= "Hello"

  print(x.length)

  What does this print?

  5
• Sequence

  The statements are written one after the other and execution follows the this order
• Selection

  Selection statements involve if statements
• password = input("Please enter password: ")

  if password != "SP123" then

  print("Invalid password")

  endif

  What does this code do?

  Checks if the user has inputted the correct password and if not outputs "Invalid password"
• Iteration

  The repetition of a block of statements within a computer program.
• Casting

  A way of changing from one data type to another
• x= 12

  x= str(x)

  What is this an example of and what will this do?

  Casting and it will change 12 from being an integer to being a string
• x= "12"

  x= int(x)

  What is this an example of and what will this do?


  Casting and it will change 12 from being a string to being an integer
• x=2.2

  What data type is x?

  Float/real
• x=True

  What data type is x?

  Boolean
• ==

  Equal to
• !=

  Not equal to
• <

  Less than
• >

  More than
• <=

  Less than or equal to
• >

  Greater than
• >=

  Great than or equal to
• +

  Addition
• -

  Subtraction
• *

  Multiplication
• /

  Division
• MOD

  Modulus- returns the remainder when one integer is divided by another
• 22 MOD 5

  What is the result?

  2
• DIV

  Quotient- the result of the whole number without the remainder
• 17 DIV 5

  What is the result?

  3
• 17==17 AND 45>46

  What is the result?

  False
• 17==17 OR 45>46

  What is the result?


  True