-Research which finds fathers role as less important than the mothers has ethical issues for male parents.
Biologically deterministic
-underestimates free will in caregiver behaviour.
Inconsistent research
-research examines role of father in mixed as there is no definitive answer.
Shaffer and Emmerson
-75% of infants studied has formed attachments with father at 18 months. Father less likely to be PCG and more of a secondary attachment made in the multiple attachment stage which leads to an issue of temporal validity.
