Carbohydrates & Lipids

Cards (28)

  • How many covalent bonds can a carbon atom form?
    Four covalent bonds
  • Why can carbon form diverse compounds?
    It can form single, double, or triple bonds
  • What types of structures can carbon form?
    Branched chains, unbranched chains, and rings
  • What is released during condensation reactions?
    A water molecule
  • What is the process called when monomers link to form polymers?
    Condensation reaction
  • How are polymers broken down into monomers?
    By hydrolysis reactions
  • What is added during hydrolysis reactions?
    Water
  • What are the properties of glucose?
    High solubility, easily transportable, stable, high energy yield
  • What is starch made of?
    Amylose and amylopectin
  • What is the function of starch in plants?
    Energy storage
  • Where is glycogen stored in animals?
    Liver and muscles
  • What type of glucose is used to make cellulose?
    Beta-glucose
  • What is the function of cellulose in plants?
    Provides structural support
  • What are glycoproteins?
    Proteins with carbohydrate groups attached
  • What is the role of glycoproteins?
    Involved in cell-cell recognition
  • Are lipids soluble in water?
    No
  • What types of substances are lipids?
    Fats, oils, waxes, and steroids
  • What are triglycerides formed from?
    One glycerol and three fatty acids
  • What are phospholipids made of?
    One glycerol, two fatty acids, and one phosphate group
  • What type of fatty acids have no double bonds?
    Saturated fatty acids
  • What is the state of saturated fatty acids at room temperature?
    Solid
  • What is the state of polyunsaturated fatty acids at room temperature?
    Liquid
  • What are two functions of triglycerides in adipose tissue?
    Energy storage and thermal insulation
  • What property do phospholipids have?
    Amphipathic
  • What do phospholipids form in cell membranes?
    The phospholipid bilayer
  • Why can non-polar steroids pass through the phospholipid bilayer?
    They are non-polar
  • How do the structures of carbohydrates and lipids relate to their functions?
    Carbohydrates provide energy; lipids store energy
  • What is the consequence of the hydrophobic nature of lipids for cell membranes?
    Forms the phospholipid bilayer