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IB Biology SL
Molecules
Carbohydrates & Lipids
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Created by
Sukaina Mustaf
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Cards (28)
How many covalent bonds can a carbon atom form?
Four
covalent bonds
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Why can carbon form diverse compounds?
It can form
single
,
double
, or
triple
bonds
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What types of structures can carbon form?
Branched
chains
, unbranched chains, and
rings
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What is released during condensation reactions?
A
water molecule
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What is the process called when monomers link to form polymers?
Condensation reaction
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How are polymers broken down into monomers?
By
hydrolysis
reactions
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What is added during hydrolysis reactions?
Water
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What are the properties of glucose?
High
solubility
, easily transportable, stable, high
energy yield
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What is starch made of?
Amylose
and
amylopectin
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What is the function of starch in plants?
Energy storage
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Where is glycogen stored in animals?
Liver
and
muscles
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What type of glucose is used to make cellulose?
Beta-glucose
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What is the function of cellulose in plants?
Provides
structural
support
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What are glycoproteins?
Proteins with
carbohydrate
groups attached
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What is the role of glycoproteins?
Involved in
cell-cell
recognition
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Are lipids soluble in water?
No
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What types of substances are lipids?
Fats
,
oils
, waxes, and
steroids
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What are triglycerides formed from?
One
glycerol
and three
fatty acids
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What are phospholipids made of?
One
glycerol
, two
fatty acids
, and one phosphate group
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What type of fatty acids have no double bonds?
Saturated
fatty acids
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What is the state of saturated fatty acids at room temperature?
Solid
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What is the state of polyunsaturated fatty acids at room temperature?
Liquid
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What are two functions of triglycerides in adipose tissue?
Energy storage and
thermal insulation
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What property do phospholipids have?
Amphipathic
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What do phospholipids form in cell membranes?
The
phospholipid bilayer
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Why can non-polar steroids pass through the phospholipid bilayer?
They
are
non-polar
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How do the structures of carbohydrates and lipids relate to their functions?
Carbohydrates
provide
energy
; lipids store energy
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What is the consequence of the hydrophobic nature of lipids for cell membranes?
Forms the
phospholipid
bilayer
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