Vocal Music

• Franz Peter Schubert - he is considered the LAST CLASSICAL COMPOSER and one of the first romantic ones
• Lieder - proper name for Franz Schuber songs
• Giuseppe Verdi - Father of Opera
• Busetto - Giuseppe studied before he went to Milan
• Giacomo Puccini - belonged to a group of composers who stressed REALISM, therefore, he drew material from everyday life, rejecting heroic
• Mythology and History - the themes of Giacomo Puccini
• Milan Conservatory - where Giacomo studied
• Richard Wagner - he was a writer and DIRECTOR OF MUSIC
• Musikdramen - where Wagner was an advocate of a new form of opera
• Leitmotifs - musical sequences standing for a particular plot element which Wagner used a lot in his operas
• Georges Bizet - was born October 25, 1838 in Paris, France and became famous for his operas
• Carmen - Bizet's most famous opera
• Opera - a story (libretto) told by composers through music while using the librettist
• Score - the book that the composer and librettist put together
• Libretto - text of an opera
• Recitative - declamatory singing, used in the prose parts and dialogue of opera
• Aria - an air or solo singing part that the public will remember best
• Acts - main division of opera
• Scene - setting or place
• Tenor - highest male voice
• Baritone - middle male voice
• Bass - lowest male voice
• Soprano - highest female voice
• Coloratura - highest soprano voice
• Lyric - bright and full sound
• Dramatic - darker and full sound
• Mezzo Soprano - most common female voice
• Contralto - lowest female voice
• A Capella - one or more singers
• Cantabille - singing style
• Capo - beginning
• Coda - closing section
• Dolce - sweetly
• Bel Canto - beautiful singing