Thermoregulation

• What does homeostasis control?

  Body temp, blood ph, glucose levels
• What is negative feedback?

  Where system is restored back to optimum level
• How does negative feedback occur?

  1. Detect change via receptors when they are stimulated
  2. Receptors send signals to effectors through nervous system to counteract change
• Negative feedback can only maintain internal environment through nervous system:

  • this provides more control to the body and can allow it to respond to multiple changes away from optimum
  • provides a faster response
• What is positive feedback?

  Where a response works in a feedback loop = original small change gets amplified as a result of that small change
• What is an example of positive feedback?

  Contractions
• What are endotherms?

  An animal that is capable of maintaining its own thermoregulation
• What are examples of endotherms?

  Mammals and birds
• What are the advantages/disadvantages of being an endotherm:

  Adv = function is the same throughout the day

  Dis = higher energy consumption = eat more
• How do endotherms increase their body temp?

  Vasoconstriction, shivering, trap insulating layer of air between piloreactor muscles
• How do endotherms decrease their body temp?

  Sweating, vasodilation, reduced movements
• what are ectotherms?

  Animal that depends on an external source of heat to regulate body temperature
• What examples of ectotherms?

  Invertebrates and fish
• What are advantages/disadvantages of being an ectotherm?

  Advantages: Energy efficient, can survive on less food, can tolerate extreme temperatures. Disadvantages: Limited activity in cold environments, slower metabolism, dependent on external heat sources.
• How do ectotherms increase their internal body temperature? Basking in the sun or seeking shade, conduction of lying on warm rocks and muscle contractions
• How do ectotherms decrease their body temperature?

  Seeking shade or water, changing their body position or reducing metabolic activity.
• What is thermoregulation and why is it important?

  The process of maintaining a relatively constant internal body temperature.

  Provides optimum conditions for enzymes
• What monitors blood temperature?

  Hypothalamus