Social learning theory

• What does Social Learning Theory (SLT) suggest about behavior?

  Behavior is learned via imitation of a role model
• How do children acquire aggressive behaviors according to SLT?

  By observing aggressive models
• Who is more likely to be a role model for children?

  • Someone who cares for the child (e.g., parents)
  • An authority figure (e.g., teachers)
  • Someone similar to the child (e.g., age, gender)
  • A celebrity (e.g., movie characters, sports stars)
• What determines whether a child performs a behavior they observed?

  The consequences of the behavior observed
• What is vicarious reinforcement?

  Learning that aggression can be effective
• What are the four cognitive factors needed for observational learning according to Bandura?

  1. Attention
  2. Retention
  3. Reproduction
  4. Motivation
• What does the attention factor in observational learning involve?

  Paying attention to the role model
• Why is retention important in observational learning?

  To remember the behavior observed
• What does reproduction refer to in observational learning?

  The ability to carry out the observed behavior
• How does self-efficacy influence reproduction of behavior?

  It affects confidence in performing the behavior
• In what situation might a child not imitate aggressive behavior?

  If the challenger is much bigger
• What does motivation in observational learning depend on?

  The expectation of achieving desired outcomes
• How can a child learn aggressive responses but not reproduce them?

  They may not find the situation appropriate
• What is a schema in the context of aggression?

  A mental representation of aggressive behavior
• What is a criticism of Bandura's Bobo doll studies?

  Children do not retaliate when hit
• What did Poulin & Boivin (2000) find about aggressive boys?

  They formed friendships with other aggressive boys
• What are the characteristics of aggressive boy cliques according to Poulin & Boivin?

  • Long-lasting friendships
  • Mutual reinforcement of aggressive behavior
  • Use alliances to gain resources
  • Exposure to models of physical aggression
• How do aggressive boy cliques function as training grounds?

  They reinforce aggressive behavior through approval
• What is the impact of the environment on behavior according to the study material?

  The environment significantly influences behavior
• What is the role of free will in aggression according to the material?

  It suggests individuals have choices in behavior
• How does the study material conclude about aggression?

  It emphasizes the influence of environment on behavior