5.6 - Vaccination

• What’s passive immunity ?

  Produced when antibodies that were made by a separate organism are introduced to an individual
• Is passive immunity short or long lived ?

  Short lived
• Are memory cells produced via passive immunity ?

  No
• What’s active immunity ?

  Stimulating an individuals immune system to produce antibodies
• Is active immunity long or short lived ?

  Long lived
• Does active immunity result in memory cell production ?

  Yes
• The 2 ways someone can achieve immunity ?

  Natural, artificial
• What’s a vaccination ?

  A suspension of antigens that are intentionally put into the body to induce artificial active immunity
• What do memory cells guarantee ?

  Allow for a greater, more immediate response to a future infection of the pathogen
• What’s herd immunity ?

  When a sufficiently larger proportion of the population has been vaccinated which makes it difficult for a pathogen to spread within a population
• Who does herd immunity protect ?

  Individuals who can’t be vaccinated
• 4 reasons why vaccines may not be effective ?

  People have a poor response and immunity isn’t induced, mutations arise (antigenic variability ), individuals may get the disease, antigenic concealment (pathogens hide)
• 4 ethical issues relating to vaccines ?

  Animals often involved, side-effects, compulsory vaccines, testing and trials
• What’s are the 2 types of vaccine ?

  Live attenuated and inactivated