the psychodynamic approach L6

• What do psychodynamic theories emphasize?

  Change, unconscious motives, early experiences
• How does Freud's theory of psychoanalysis suggest the unconscious mind reveals itself?

  Through Freudian slips, creativity, neurotic symptoms
• What are the three parts of Freud's structure of personality?

  The id, ego, and superego
• What is the role of the ego in Freud's theory?

  It mediates between the id and the superego
• What does the superego consist of?

  Conscience and ego-ideal
• What is the function of defense mechanisms in Freud's theory?

  To prevent traumatic memories from causing anxiety
• What is repression in the context of defense mechanisms?

  Unconscious blocking of unacceptable thoughts
• What does denial involve as a defense mechanism?

  Refusal to accept reality
• What is displacement in Freud's theory?

  Redirecting hostile feelings onto an innocent target
• What are the psychosexual stages of development according to Freud?

  • Oral
  • Anal
  • Phallic
  • Latent
  • Genital
• What is the main drive during the psychosexual stages?

  Libido (sexual energy)
• What happens during the phallic stage of development?

  Sexual energy is focused on the genitals
• What complex do boys experience during the phallic stage?

  The Oedipus complex
• What is the Oedipus complex?

  Desire to possess the mother, eliminate the father
• What anxiety do boys experience related to the Oedipus complex?

  Castration anxiety
• How might early childhood experiences influence adult behavior according to Freud?

  They shape personality and unconscious motives
• How might a therapist interpret feelings of rejection in adulthood?

  As a consequence of childhood experiences
• What is a pioneering approach to understanding human behavior mentioned in the text?

  Psychoanalysis
• What new methodological procedures did psychoanalysis suggest for gathering evidence?

  Case studies
• On what basis was the development of psychoanalysis founded?

  Observations of behavior
• Who were the first to demonstrate the potential of psychological treatments for disorders?

  Freud and his followers
• What disorders did psychoanalysis show potential treatments for?

  Depression and anxiety
• What is a criticism of psychoanalysis mentioned in the text?

  It is gender-biased
• What aspect of female sexuality did Freud ignore?

  How it may differ from male sexuality
• Who criticized Freud's views on women and their development?

  Karen Horney
• What did de Moat et al.'s (2009) review conclude about psychoanalysis?

  It produced significant improvements in symptoms
• Why is dismissing women and their sexuality problematic in psychoanalysis?

  Freud treated many female patients
• What is a culture-biased aspect of psychoanalysis mentioned in the text?

  It has little relevance for non-Western cultures
• What do Sue and Sue (2008) argue about psychoanalysis?

  Many cultural groups do not value discussion
• How do people in China typically handle distressing thoughts?

  They avoid discussing them openly
• How does the Western belief about therapy differ from that in some non-Western cultures?

  Western cultures value open discussion