coastal management

• What is essential for building resilience in coastal communities?

  Coastal management
• What factors are increasing coastal erosion and flooding?

  Climate change and tropical storm intensity
• Why is it necessary to adapt to coastal hazards?

  They are already happening in many places
• What is the effectiveness of hard engineering in preventing coastal erosion?

  Generally effective but very expensive
• What is a disadvantage of hard engineering methods?

  They can be unsightly
• What must be carried out to decide the appropriate hard engineering strategy?

  A cost benefit analysis
• What happens in areas where costs outweigh benefits for coastal protection?

  They may be left with no protection
• What are the main hard engineering strategies for coastal management?

  • Groynes
  • Sea Walls
  • Rip Rap/Rock armour
  • Revetments
  • Offshore Breakwater
• What are groynes built perpendicular to?

  The shore
• How do groynes help in coastal management?

  They trap sediment transported by longshore drift
• What is an advantage of groynes?

  They improve tourist potential
• What is a disadvantage of groynes?

  They cause sediment starvation further along the coast
• What is the primary function of sea walls?

  To absorb and reflect wave energy
• What is a significant disadvantage of sea walls?

  They are very expensive to build and maintain
• What is rip rap or rock armour used for?

  To reduce wave energy at the foot of cliffs
• What is a disadvantage of using rip rap?

  It can be dangerous for people
• What type of structure are revetments?

  A sloped or ramp-like structure
• What is a disadvantage of revetments?

  They need lots of maintenance
• What is the function of an offshore breakwater?

  To break waves and dissipate energy
• What is a benefit of offshore breakwaters?

  They do not disrupt tourist potential
• What are the main soft engineering strategies for coastal management?

  • Beach nourishment/replenishment
  • Cliff regrading and drainage
  • Dune stabilisation
  • Marsh creation
• How does beach nourishment work?

  By adding sand or shingle to widen the beach
• What is an advantage of beach nourishment?

  It looks very natural
• What is a disadvantage of beach nourishment?

  It requires constant maintenance and monitoring
• What does cliff regrading and drainage aim to achieve?

  To stabilize the slope of the cliff
• What is a disadvantage of cliff regrading?

  It can look unnatural
• How does dune stabilisation work?

  By planting species like Marram grass
• What is a disadvantage of dune stabilisation?

  People walking on dunes can damage them
• What is marsh creation?

  Allowing land to be flooded to create salt marshes
• What is a disadvantage of marsh creation?

  Agricultural land is lost
• What are the key components of sustainable integrated approaches to coastal management?

  • Management of natural resources
  • Monitoring of changes
  • Education and inclusion of local communities
• What do Shoreline Management Plans (SMP) aim to achieve?

  To manage different sections of the coastline together
• What does DEFRA do in relation to coastal management?

  They make recommendations for coastline sections
• What are the four options in Shoreline Management Plans?

  Hold the line, advance the line, managed retreat, do nothing
• What must DEFRA consider when making recommendations?

  The value of land and technical viability
• What can lead to local conflict in coastal management?

  Protection of some areas but not others
• What has been the average erosion rate in Skipsea since 1989?

  1.4m per year
• Why do people in Skipsea feel neglected?

  Money has been spent on neighboring towns
• What is the purpose of cost-benefit analysis in coastal management?

  To decide recommendations for coastline sections
• What does cost-benefit analysis weigh?

  Costs against benefits for the environment