mental disorders

• What are the three main types of mental disorders mentioned?

  Phobias, Depression, OCD
• What does statistical infrequency refer to in mental disorders?

  Certain behaviors are statistically rare
• What does deviation from social norms imply?

  Behavior that does not follow social rules
• What does failure to function adequately mean?

  Inability to cope with everyday life
• What is meant by deviation from ideal mental health?

  Not meeting criteria for good mental health
• What are the two classification systems for mental disorders mentioned?

  DSM-V and ICD
• What are the three categories of phobias?

  • Specific Phobia: fear of objects or situations
  • Social Phobia: fear of social situations
  • Agoraphobia: fear of being outside or in public
• What is a specific phobia?

  Fear of an object or situation
• What is a social phobia?

  Fear of social situations
• What is agoraphobia?

  Fear of being outside or in public
• What are the behavioral characteristics of phobias?

  • Panic: crying, screaming, running away
  • Avoidance: avoiding contact with the phobic stimulus
  • Endurance: remaining in presence of stimulus with anxiety

  
• What emotional characteristic is associated with phobias?

  Anxiety is a high arousal state
• What cognitive characteristic involves selective attention in phobias?

  Hard to look away from the phobic stimulus
• What is the definition of depression?

  A mental disorder characterized by low mood
• What are the two types of depression mentioned?

  Major depressive disorder and persistent depressive disorder
• What are the behavioral characteristics of depression?

  • Reduced activity levels
  • Withdrawal from work and social life
  • Disruption to sleep and eating behavior
  • Aggression and self-harm
• What emotional characteristic is commonly associated with depression?

  Low mood and feelings of worthlessness
• What cognitive characteristic involves poor concentration in depression?

  Difficulty sticking with tasks or making decisions
• What are the behavioral characteristics of OCD?

  • Compulsive behaviors: repetitive actions to reduce anxiety
  • Avoidance: keeping away from anxiety-triggering situations
• What emotional characteristics are associated with OCD?

  Anxiety, distress, and feelings of guilt
• What cognitive characteristic involves obsessive thoughts in OCD?

  90% of patients have obsessive thoughts
• What is the OCD cycle?

  • Obsessions lead to anxiety
  • Anxiety leads to compulsive behaviors
  • Compulsions reduce anxiety temporarily

  
• What is absolutist thinking in depression?

  Black and white thinking
• What is one behavioral and one cognitive characteristic of OCD?

  Compulsive behaviors and obsessive thoughts

  
• What are the exam questions related to phobias, depression, and OCD?

  1. Outline behavioral characteristics of phobias.
  2. Explain emotional characteristics of depression.
  3. Outline one behavioral and one cognitive characteristic of OCD.