3.1.3 Strong and Weak Acids

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Cards (100)

What are strong acids defined as?
Acids that completely ionize in water
How does the ionization of strong acids affect their acidity?
Complete ionization increases their acidity
What ions do strong acids separate into when dissolved?
H⁺ ions and respective negative ions
What does the acid dissociation constant $K_{a}$ measure? 
It measures the equilibrium of weak acids
What are weak acids compared to strong acids?
Weak acids are like slightly sour candies
What happens to strong acids when they dissolve in water?
They completely ionize into ions
Why are strong acids considered highly acidic?
They readily donate H⁺ ions
What is the effect of strong acids on water?
Water becomes very, very sour
What is a weak acid?
A weak acid partially dissociates in water
What are strong acids compared to in the study material?
Super sour candies
What is a weak acid?
A weak acid is one, which only dissociates partially in water.
What is the formula for the acid dissociation constant (Ka)?
$K_a =$ $\frac{[H^+][A^-]}{[HA]}$
How does the formula for the acid dissociation constant (Ka) differ from the formula for the conjugate base dissociation constant (Kc)?
Ka = [H+][A-] / [HA]
Kc = [H+][A-] / [HA]
The main difference is that Kc uses the concentrations of the conjugate acid-base pair, while Ka uses the concentrations of the acid and its conjugate base.
Why do weak acids create an equilibrium mixture in water?
Some molecules remain undissociated
What is the relationship between the extent of dissociation and the value of Ka?
The more dissociation that takes place with the acid, the more hydrogen ions and anions there will be, so the larger the value of Ka.
What happens to strong acids when they are put in water?
They disappear completely
Why does a weak acid have an equilibrium constant?
When an acid dissociates, it is an equilibrium process, and so it has an equilibrium constant.
What is the formula for the acid dissociation constant $K_{a}$ ? 
$K_{a} =$ $\frac{[H^{ + }] [A^{ - }]}{[HA]}$
What does the water become when weak acids are dissolved?
The water becomes only a little bit sour
What is the name of the strong base with the chemical formula Sr(OH)2?
strontium hydroxide
What happens when weak acids are put in water?
Only some of the acid disappears in water
What are the characteristics of weak acids?
Partially dissociate in water
Produce a slightly sour solution
Measured by the dissociation constant $K_{a}$
What is the name of the strong acid with the chemical formula HCl?
hydrochloric acid
What is the chemical formula for hydroiodic acid?
$HI$
What is the name of the strong base with the chemical formula Ca(OH)2?
calcium hydroxide
What is the result of weak acids having a lower concentration of H⁺ ions compared to strong acids?
They have a lower acidity for the same concentration
What is the name of the strong base with the chemical formula Ba(OH)2?
barium hydroxide
What is the conjugate base of hydroiodic acid?
I-
What should be memorized for chemistry calculations?
The six strong acids that completely ionize in water
How does the behavior of weak acids in water differ from strong acids?
Weak acids only partially dissociate in water
What special number can be used to measure weak acids?
The special number is $K_{a}$
What is the significance of strong acids in chemistry?
They are crucial for accurate calculations
What is the name of the strong acid with the chemical formula HI?
hydroiodic acid
What is the name of the strong acid with the chemical formula HClO4?
perchloric acid
What happens to weak acids when they are in water?
Only a few pieces break off
What happens to strong acids in water?
They completely ionize
What is the name of the strong acid with the chemical formula H2SO4?
sulfuric acid
Why are strong acids described as "superstars" of the acid world?
Because they are very good at dissolving
What is the chemical formula for perchloric acid?
$HClO_{4}$
How many strong acids are listed?
Six strong acids