Tectonic Hazards

• What is a natural hazard?

  a natural event that has significant impacts
• What is a tectonic plate?

  large moving pieces of rock which the earths land and water sit on
• What are examples of tectonic hazards?

  • Earthquakes
  • tsunami
  • flooding
  • volcano eruptions
• What are the 4 different types of plate boundaries?

  • Conservative
  • constructive
  • destructive(subduction)
  • destructive(collision)
• What happens in a constructive plate boundary?

  The plates move away from each other, releasing magma. When the magma cools down, it forms new land
• What happens in the destructive(subduction) plate boundary?


  The plate boundaries clash into each other. Then, on slides under the other.
• What happens in the destructive(collision) plate boundary?

  The plate boundaries collide. When both plates are made of continental crust, they push against each other.
• What happens in the conservative plate boundary?

  The plate boundary rubs beside each other. Land is not created or destroyed.
• What is the continental drift theory?

  When the Earth has split into 7 continents over time.
• Explain the continental drift theory.

  The Earth was one big continent, which was called Permian. The different continents started to divide into 3 continents called the triassic.

  Then, the continents split into 4 called jurassic. Then the continents split into 5 called the cretaceous. And now we have present day.
• What is the order of the continental drift?

  • Permian
  • triassic
  • jurassic
  • creatceous
• How do tectonic plates form?

  The older denser tectonic plates are pulled down in an area of subduction. Then, the hot magma rises from the inner core to crust and pulls and moves the plates.
• What is the focus?

  where the earthquake begins
• What is the epicentre?

  The area directly above the Earthquake. This is where more destruction/damage occurs
• What is seismic waves?

  The energy of the earthquake
• How do you measure an Earthquake?

  • Richter scale
  • moment magnitude
• What is the Richter scale?

  Value of 1-10 based on seismic waves
• Where is Nepal located?

  South east Asia, located on the edge near the into Australian
• Where is New Zealand located?

  New Zealand is located near the oceania
• What are impacts of the Nepal Earthquake?

  • 26 hospitals were destroyed
  • 50% of schools were destroyed
  • 9,000 people died
  • 1 million people were made homeless
• What are the responses of the Nepal Earthquake?

  • The Uk gave the us 126million dollars to provide emergency kits.
  • Red Cross provided 225,000 tents
  • The UN food trained people how to maintain and repair irrigation channels.
• What type of country are Nepal?

  Low income country
• What type of country are New Zealand?

  High income country
• What are the primary impacts of the New Zealand Earthquake?

  • 2 people died and 50 people were injured.
  • tens and thousand of homes were destroyed.
  • 8.5bn cost of damage
  • Earthquake triggered 100,000 slides which blocked roads
• What are the responses to the New Zealand Earthquake?

  • A new earthquake proof water pipe was installed
  • Donations were sent from around the world(5.3 million was given to rebel kaikoura town)
• Why do some people live in hazardous area?

  • Some people do not have a choice
  • attracts farmers(volcanic ash makes soil fertile)
  • support from the government after earthquakes.
• What are the impacts of tectonic hazards?

  • injuries
  • damaged infrastructure
  • power and water supplies cut off
• What are some strategies that can reduce the effects of Earthquake

  • Educate people for what to do during tectonic hazard
  • Prepare emergency services(regular practices)
  • Reinforced concrete absorbs an Earthquakes energy
  • Laser monitors oft the Earths movement
• what are some strategies that can reduce the effects on a volcanic eruption?

  • strengthened buildings are less likely to collapse
  • emergency supplies
  • educate people for what to do during an earthquake
• What are the poles?

  The suns rays are less concentrated as it is in a wide spread area
• Is the sun rays more concentrated or less concentrated along the equator and why?

  Along the equator the sun rays more concentrated because it is spread in a narrow area
• What is the Albedo effect?

  The Albedo effect is when the polar regions stay cold and when the sun rays are point at a white surface it is reflected back.
• What are the three atmospheric cells?

  Hadley cell, polar cell, ferrel cell
• Where are the polar cells located?

  The polar cells are located near the polar regions where it is cold
• Where are the ferrel cells located?

  The ferrel cells are located near the desert where it is very dry and hot.(high pressure)
• Where are the Hadley cells located?

  The Hadley cells are located near the equator where it rains a lot.(low pressure)
• How do tropical storms form?

  Tropical storms happen on the latitudes between 5 degrees and 30 degrees. The air above the ocean is heated. When water reaches more 27 degrees, the evaporation happens causing an area of low pressure. Air forms strong and moist winds. Clouds form most severe conditions such as rainfall. Then, the cold air sinks causing dry conditions
• What were the impacts of the typhoon Haiyan tropical storm?


  .Electricity supplies were cut out

  .90% of buildings were destroyed

  .airports, roads, bridges were destroyed
• What were responses to the typhoon Haiyan?

  .The Un funded $300 for rebuilding

  .Fisher men were warned not to go to sea

  .Plan international constructed pit latrines to prevent the spread of disease
• How do you plan to reduce impacts of tropical storms?

  .Government setting in place evacuation routes

  .emergency services prepared (e.g practicing rescuing people).