Cards (24)

  • How many boys were tested in the experiment?
    64 boys
  • Where were the boys from?
    Bristol
  • How many groups were the boys tested in?
    Eight groups
  • What were the boys asked to estimate?
    How many dots were flashed on the screen
  • What were the two types of information given to the groups?
    Some overestimate and some underestimate; some are more accurate than others
  • What was the purpose of the random assignment of boys to groups?
    To ensure no reflection of actual estimates
  • What were the possible categories for the boys' judgments?
    Overestimators, underestimators, accurate, inaccurate
  • How were the boys informed about their group assignment?
    Individually in separate cubicles
  • What did the boys believe was the reason for their group assignment?
    It was the result of their estimates
  • What opportunity were the boys given after their group assignment?

    To give cash awards to different subjects
  • How were the boys identified when giving cash awards?
    By numbers
  • What was the outcome of the results regarding group favoritism?
    Significant favoritism to their group
  • What does the favoritism in the results indicate about the boys' choices?
    They preferred higher rewards for in-group members
  • What was the implication of the boys' choices regarding fairness?
    They did not choose fair distributions for out-group
  • What type of boys were tested in the experiment?
    School boys
  • What method was used to score the boys' judgments?
    The boys' judgments were scored
  • What did the boys fill in to give cash awards?

    A series of booklets
  • What was a strength of the experiments regarding controls?
    They controlled tasks and participant groups
  • Why is reliability considered a strength of these experiments?
    They are easy to replicate and have been done
  • What is a weakness related to ecological validity in these experiments?
    It had mundane realism
  • What does mundane realism refer to in the context of these experiments?
    Everyday life categorization was not reflected
  • How do demand characteristics affect the validity of the experiments?
    They can lead participants to respond as expected
  • How might boys interpret the groups in the experiments?
    As teams linked to competition themes
  • What impact do boys' interpretations of groups have on their responses?

    It affects the validity of the experiment