Photosynthesis

• What is transpiration?

  A process that takes place due to a gradient, created when water evaporates through the stoma, and sucking up more water in the process.
• What does the vascular bundle consist of?

  Xylem and phloem.
• Label this diagram.

  A) Vascular bundle

  B) Xylem

  C) Phloem

  
• Explain in detail why transpiration happens?

  Water exits through stoma. This happens because the [H20] in airspaces/mesophyll is greater than [H2O] in the atmosphere allowing diffusion to occur
• What is cohesion?

  The act of water sticking to water.
• what is adhesion?

  water sticking to other molecules
• What is the xylem made up of?

  dead cell walls
• How does water move up the stem through the xylem?

  Adhesion and Cohesion
• How does water enter a plant?

  Through the roots hairs via osmosis.
• How do minerals enter the roots?

  Through diffusion or active transport
• What is capillary action?

  The movement of liquid through a narrow space or tube due to adhesive and cohesive forces.
• Lable this diagram

  A) Palisade Mesophyll

  B) Cuticle

  C) Epidermis

  D) Spongy Mesophyll

  E) Stoma and Guard Cells

  F) Lower Epidermis

  G) Phloem and xylem

  
• label this diagram

  A) Chloroplast

  B) Vacuole

  C) nucleus

  D) Cell wall

  E) Cytoplasm

  
• What is endosymbiotic theory?

  Theory that explains the origin of eukaryotic cells through the engulfment and integration of smaller prokaryotic cells.
• Label this diagram.

  A) Outer membrane

  B) Thylakoid membrane

  C) Granum

  D) Stroma

  E) intermembrane space

  F) inner membrane

  
• Where are chloroplasts located?

  They are found in both mesophyll cells and some guard cells
• Are chloroplasts bigger than mitochondria?

  Yes by 5-10x
• Do chloroplasts have their own DNA?

  Yes.
• What is the equation for photosynthesis?

  6CO2 + 6H2O -> C6H12O6 + 6O2.
• What are the 2 main variables of light that affect photosynthesis?

  Intensity and wavelength (colour).
• what colour has the most amount of energy?

  violet
• Label this diagram.

  A) Gamma rays

  B) X-rays

  C) Ultra violet

  D) Visible light

  E) infrared

  F) radio waves

  
• label the diagram

  A) Chlorophyll b

  B) Chlorophyll a

  C) β-carotene

  
• Where does photosynthesis take place most rapidly?

  Violet and red

  
• What is an action spectrum?

  The range of wavelengths of light that are most effective for photosynthesis
• How many total water molecules are reactants in photosynthesis?

  12
• Where does photosynthesis take place?

  fully in the chloroplasts
• What starts the process of photosynthesis?

  light
• Label this diagram.

  A) Photons

  B) H20

  C) 02

  D) NADPH

  E) ATP

  F) NADP+

  G) ADP

  H) CO2

  I) Calvin Cycle

  J) Light Dependant Reactions

  K) Glucose

  
• What does amylose do within the plant?

  Energy storage
• What are the 3 main stages of light-dependant reactions?

  1.) Light Absorption

  2.)Electron Transport

  3.)Chemiosmotic synthesis of ATP (H+ ions across membranes)
• Where is the location of light-dependent reactions?

  Thylakoid membrane of chloroplasts
• What is required for light dependant reactions to begin?

  Light, water, NADP+, ADP
• What are the products of the light-dependant reactions?

  ATP, NADPH, Oxygen
• What products from the light-dependant reactions are donated to the calvin cycle?

  NADPH and ATP
• What is the waste product from the light-dependant reactions?

  Oxygen.
• What is a photosystem?

  A photosystem is a complex of proteins and pigments in the chloroplasts of plants
• What happens inside of a photosystem?

  Light energy is absorbed by pigments, which excites electrons. These energized electrons are then passed through a series of electron carriers, creating a flow of electrons. This flow of electrons generates ATP and NADPH, which are used in the light-independent reactions of photosynthesis.
• Label this diagram

  A) pigments

  B) H20

  C) e-

  D) P680

  E) PSII

  F) Light

  G) e- *

  H) Thylakoid space

  I) Chloroplast

  J) H+

  K) cytochrome complex

  L) 1/2 O2 + 2H+

  M) Stroma

  N) Light

  O) PSI

  P) P700

  Q) e-*

  R) H+

  S) 2H+

  T) H+

  U) H+

  V) H+

  W) H+

  X) Thylakoid membrane

  Y) PQ

  Z) PC

  [) NADP+ + H+

  \) Fd

  ]) NADP reductace

  ^) NADPH

  _) ATP Synthase

  `) ADP

  a) H+

  b) ATP

  c) Pi+

  
• Where is the high concentration of protons from light-dependant reactions located within the chloroplast?

  Thylakoid space