Population

• Explain the factors to low birth rates.

  • childcare for working parents is expensive
  • Contraceptives and abortions mean fewer unplanned pregnancies
  • Covid restricted people from marrying or travelling so plans got delayed
  • raising the age of marriage
• explain the factors leading to high birth rates 


  • farming families rely on children to help complete manual tasks
  • Lower marriage age in some countries so more children
  • no pension to support elderly parents meaning they rely on children to look after them
• explain the factors leading to high death rates

  • famine so people dont have enough to eat, babies could starve
  • contaminated water could lead to deadly illnesses
  • limited sanitation so could contract a disease
• explain the factors leading to low death rates

  • better insulation in homes like double glazed windows, means house is kept warm
  • better access to hospitals, health care
  • better sanitation - less diseases and infections
• what are reasons for low density in some countries = human

  • politics in some countries are so unstable so people move away from danger
  • limited economic opportunities so insufficient ways to make a living
• what are reasons for low density in some countries = physical

  • areas with extreme climate, e.g Sahara, antarctica - hostile to human settlement as water and food is hard to source
• what are reasons for high density in some countries = human

  • good job opportunities in booming industries, this encourages people to migrate
• what are reasons for high density in some countries = physical

  • growing season is long and there is enough heat, light + precipitation to grow crops successfully
  • some areas of the world are rich in natural resources like oil, wood and coal
• what does population density mean?

  number of people living in a particular area, usually 1 square km
• what dones population distribution mean?

  the sprdad of people across the world, i.e where people live
• where are the sections on a population pyramid?

  young dependants = 0-14

  active population = 15-64

  elderly dependants = 65-100+
• why do people move from countryside to city? push factor

  • drought
  • poor harvest
  • limited job opportunities
  • low income
  • poor education
  • lack of clean water
• why do people move from countryside to city? pull factor

  • wide variety of jobs
  • access to better food supply
  • high provision of health and educational services
  • capital cities get more government investments
  • good public transport
  • better access to water and sanitation
• explain strategies to improve shanty towns

  • community cooker = less electricity, provides hot food for everyone
  • town centre= clean bathrooms, wifi, place for people to socialise, clean water
  • water bottle lights = clear bottle with eater in a hole in room to provide light to a home without electricity
• Why is there falling death rates?

  • good medical care
  • Vaccinations
  • Improved diets
  • Cleaner water