histology

• What is blood classified as in connective tissue?

  Fluid connective tissue
• What does blood consist of?

  Cells and fluid ECM called plasma
• What is the total blood volume in an average adult?

  6L
• What are the main functions of blood?

  • Delivery of oxygen and nutrients
  • Transport of waste and CO2
  • Delivery of hormones and regulatory substances
  • Maintenance of homeostasis
  • Transport of immune system agents
• What are the three main types of blood cells?

  Erythrocytes, leukocytes, thrombocytes
• What is hematocrit?

  Volume of erythrocytes in blood
• What is the composition of blood plasma?

  • Water: 91.5%
  • Proteins: 7%
  • Other dissolved substances: 1.5%
• What role do plasma proteins play?

  Affect osmotic pressure in blood
• What percentage of plasma proteins is albumin?

  54%
• What is the primary function of albumin?

  Acts as a carrier protein
• What are the two types of globulins?

  Alpha and beta globulins
• What do gamma globulins do?

  Support attack against viruses and bacteria
• What are immunoglobulins?

  Antibodies produced by plasma cells
• How many types of immunoglobulins are there?

  Five types: IgA, IgD, IgE, IgM, IgG
• What is the role of fibrinogen?

  Plays a major role in blood clotting
• What are lipoproteins?

  Transporters of lipid molecules between cells
• What are the main gases found in blood plasma?

  CO2, O2, N2
• What are metabolic waste products found in blood plasma?

  Urea, uric acid, creatinine, bilirubin, ammonia
• What is the shape of RBCs?

  Biconcave shape
• What is the diameter of RBCs?

  7.5-8 micrometers
• What does MCV stand for?

  Mean corpuscular volume
• What does MCHC provide?

  Percentage of hemoglobin concentration
• What does RDW show?

  If erythrocytes are same or different in size
• What is the primary function of hemoglobin?

  Transport of oxygen and carbon dioxide
• What is carboxyhemoglobin?

  Hemoglobin bound to carbon monoxide
• What is the composition of hemoglobin?

  Four globin chains with iron heme group
• What does MCH indicate?

  Amount of hemoglobin in average erythrocyte
• What is the difference between HbA1 and HbA2?

  HbA1 has 2 alpha and 2 beta chains
• What is the lipid composition of plasmalemma?

  40% lipids, 50% proteins, 10% carbohydrates
• What is thalassemia?

  Inherited blood disorder with abnormal hemoglobin
• What are the types of white blood cells (WBC)?

  • Granulocytes: Neutrophils, eosinophils, basophils
  • Agranulocytes: Lymphocytes, monocytes
• What is leukocytosis?

  Elevated count of leukocytes
• What can cause leukopenia?

  Radiation, chemotherapy, autoimmune disease
• What is the diameter of neutrophils?

  10 to 12 micrometers
• What is the lifespan of neutrophils?

  Few hours to 4 days
• What do eosinophils primarily respond to?

  Allergic reactions and parasitic infections
• What is the diameter of basophils?

  12 to 15 micrometers
• What do basophils release?

  Heparin, histamine, leukotrienes
• What are the three types of lymphocytes?

  T lymphocytes, B lymphocytes, natural killer cells
• What is the role of T lymphocytes?

  Cell-mediated immune response