against ♡

• What negative impact can conditioning techniques have on children?

  They may harm emotional well-being and self-confidence
• Who suggested that the 'naughty' step may have negative effects?

  Morris (2014)
• Why might children experience long-term emotional effects from the 'naughty' step?

  They cannot reflect on or verbalize their actions
• How can conditioning techniques threaten a child's cognitive development?

  By potentially leading to anti-social behavior
• What did Lepper et al (1973) find about children expecting rewards?

  They performed worse than those not expecting rewards
• What was the age range of children in Lepper et al's study?

  40 to 64 months
• What were the three groups in Lepper et al's experiment?

  Expected award, unexpected award, no award
• Why might conditioning techniques be ineffective for children under 5?

  They lack cognitive reasoning for consequences
• What ethical implications arise from the misuse of conditioning techniques?

  They can become abusive and inflict harm
• What might happen to children who internalize a lack of comprehension from conditioning techniques?

  They may retaliate later or suffer emotional harm
• What issue does Miss Mac highlight regarding reinforcement at home?

  Consistency in applying conditioning techniques
• How does inconsistent conditioning affect children's behavior?

  It makes behavior less likely to be shaped
• What negative effect can conditioning techniques in schools have on children?

  They may develop unrealistic and individualistic values
• What did Lepper et al (1973) observe about children promised rewards when drawing?

  They rushed their drawings compared to others
• What concept did Dweck (1975) associate with rewards and punishment?

  They are harmful to educational achievement
• What is 'learned helplessness'?

  Inability to avoid an unpleasant stimulus
• What happens to children praised for initial test performance?

  They may perform poorly on subsequent tests
• What cultural differences exist in the use of conditioning techniques?

  Some cultures reject formal appraisal systems
• What did Lewis (1995) find about Japanese schools and intrinsic motivation?

  Children were more likely to graduate without rewards
• What are the implications of continuous conditioning techniques on children's individuality?

  They deprive children of individuality and control
• How can a fixation on rewards affect a child's development?

  It may stunt their internal drive to learn
• What societal issues may arise from frequent use of rewards?

  It could lead to selfishness and less cohesion
• What did Gneezy et al (2011) argue about incentive programs in education?

  They do not offer the best return on investment
• What ethical question arises from paying students for performance?

  Is it better spent elsewhere?
• What are the ethical and social implications of conditioning techniques on children?

  • Potential emotional and physical harm
  • Risk of developing anti-social behavior
  • Lack of intrinsic motivation
  • Unrealistic perspectives on life
• What are the methodological flaws in conditioning research?

  • No random allocation to control and experimental groups
  • Decreased validity of conclusions
  • Researcher or experimenter bias
• What are the strengths and weaknesses of conditioning techniques in child development?

  Strengths:

  • Can shape behavior in the short term
  • Useful in structured environments

  
  

  Weaknesses:

  • May lead to learned helplessness
  • Can harm emotional development
  • Ineffective without consistency