against ♡

• What did Loftus and Palmer (1975) demonstrate about question wording?

  It can influence memory recall.
• What percentage of participants reported seeing a broken headlight when asked, "Did you see a broken headlight?"?

  7%
• What percentage of participants reported seeing a broken headlight when asked, "Did you see the broken headlight?"?

  17.6%
• What does the study by Loftus and Palmer suggest about questioning by authorities?

  It can alter a witness's memory.
• Why might eyewitnesses be unreliable according to the study material?

  Crimes are unexpected and emotionally traumatic.
• What did Freud argue about extremely painful memories?

  They are forced into the unconscious mind.
• What is the term used for the process of forcing painful memories into the unconscious mind?

  Repression
• What might psychologists today call the process of repression?

  Motivated forgetting
• Why might witnesses not be reliable according to the study material?

  The memory of the crime is too traumatizing.
• According to Pozzulo and Lindsay's (1998) meta-analysis, how accurate are children under 5 at identifying perpetrators?

  They are less accurate than older children.
• How do children aged 5-13 perform in target-present conditions compared to adults?

  They perform similarly to adults.
• In target-absent conditions, how do children perform compared to adults?

  They are more likely to make incorrect identifications.
• What might cause children to provide incorrect answers in line-ups?

  Their reluctance to say "no."
• What is the nature of memory according to the study material?

  Memory is reconstructive.
• What are schemas used for in memory processing?

  To help process information quickly.
• What is a drawback of using schemas in memory recall?

  They may distort memory of an event.
• How might preconceived ideas about criminals affect eyewitness identification?

  They may lead to inaccurate recall.
• What did Yarmey (1993) ask 240 students to do?

  Classify videos of unknown males.
• What was the outcome of Yarmey's study regarding participant agreement?

  There was high agreement among participants.
• What does the similarity in classifications suggest about schemas?

  They store similar information about 'good' and 'bad' guys.
• How might preconceived ideas about facial features influence eyewitness decisions?

  They may influence suspect selection in line-ups.
• What does the study material suggest about the reliability of eyewitnesses?

  Eyewitnesses may not select the actual criminal.