Descriptive statistics

• What is the term for the data collected in psychological investigations?

  Raw data
• What do descriptive statistics summarize?

  Features of a quantitative data set
• What are the two main types of descriptive statistics?

  Measures of central tendency and dispersion
• What are the measures of central tendency?

  Mean, median, and mode
• What do measures of dispersion indicate?

  How spread out individual scores are
• What is the mode in a data set?

  The most frequent score
• What does it mean if a data set is bimodal?

  It has two modes
• Why is the mode useful for discrete numbers?

  It is not affected by outliers
• What is a criticism of the mode in small data sets?

  There may be multiple modes or none
• How is the median calculated?

  Order values and find the middle
• What is a positive aspect of the median?

  It is not affected by extreme scores
• What is a criticism of the median?

  Not all raw scores are used
• How is the mean calculated?

  Add all scores and divide by total
• What is a positive aspect of the mean?

  It uses all raw data in calculation
• What is a criticism of the mean?

  It can be skewed by extreme values
• Why might a CEO choose to state the mean salary?

  To present the company in a positive light
• What does the range measure?

  The spread between the smallest and largest values
• How is the range calculated?

  Subtract the smallest value from the largest
• What is a positive aspect of the range?

  It is easy to calculate
• What is a criticism of the range?

  Extreme scores can distort its value
• What does the standard deviation indicate?

  How spread out scores are around the mean
• What is a key characteristic of standard deviation?

  It includes all values in its calculation
• What is a criticism of the standard deviation?

  It can be distorted by extreme values
• What is the formula to calculate percentages?

  Part divided by whole times 100
• What is the first step in calculating a percentage?

  Convert the fraction to a decimal
• How do you calculate the percentage of a subgroup?

  Multiply the decimal by the total number
• How do you calculate percentage change?

  New number minus old number divided by old
• What does a negative percentage change indicate?

  A decrease in the number
• What are correlations in descriptive statistics?

  Relationships between two variables
• What does a positive correlation indicate?

  As one variable increases, so does the other
• What does a negative correlation indicate?

  As one variable increases, the other decreases
• What is the correlation coefficient?

  A numerical measure of correlation strength
• What is the purpose of tutorial videos mentioned?

  To provide examples and exam tips
• Who supports the development of the research methods unit?

  Students and teachers on Patreon
• What is the benefit of supporting on Patreon?

  Access to additional resources and videos