Monoclonal antibodies

• What are monoclonal antibodies derived from?

  A single clone of cells
• How are monoclonal antibodies produced?

  By cloning a single cell to produce antibodies
• What type of cells produce antibodies?

  B lymphocytes or B cells
• What is the role of antibodies in the immune system?

  To help fight disease by binding to antigens
• What are antigens?

  Foreign materials that antibodies bind to
• How do antibodies interact with bacteria?

  By binding to specific antigens on bacteria
• What is the significance of hybridoma cells in monoclonal antibody production?

  They produce antibodies and divide rapidly
• How are hybridoma cells created?

  By fusing B cells with fast-dividing tumor cells
• What is the purpose of injecting an animal with an antigen?

  To generate a specific immune response
• What happens to the B lymphocytes after the animal is injected with an antigen?

  They produce specific antibodies against the antigen
• Why can monoclonal antibodies be designed to bind to specific targets?

  They are derived from specific B lymphocytes
• What can be attached to monoclonal antibodies for therapeutic purposes?

  Drugs, fluorescent proteins, or radioactive material
• How can monoclonal antibodies be used in cancer treatment?

  By targeting and destroying cancer cells
• What is the process of using monoclonal antibodies in locating cancer cells?

  Injecting antibodies that bind to cancer antigens
• What is the main advantage of monoclonal antibodies?

  They bind to one specific target
• What happens to the hybridoma cells in a petri dish?

  They divide and produce identical antibodies
• What is the relationship between B cells and tumor cells in monoclonal antibody production?

  B cells provide antibodies, tumor cells provide rapid division
• Where are monoclonal antibodies typically produced?

  In laboratories
• What are some applications of monoclonal antibodies?

  Diagnostic tests and therapeutic treatments
• What are the steps involved in creating monoclonal antibodies?

  1. Inject antigen into an animal
  2. Isolate B lymphocytes
  3. Fuse with tumor cells
  4. Culture hybridoma cells
  5. Collect and purify antibodies
• Why is the specificity of monoclonal antibodies important?

  It allows targeting of specific proteins or cells