౨ৎ˚ exploration

• What was a major reason for Elizabethans to embark on voyages?

  To get rich
• How did the purpose of voyages change over time?

  From stealing to formal trade agreements
• What were the objectives of studying trade and exploration?

  Describe, investigate, and evaluate trade developments
• What was the primary purpose of many voyages of discovery?

  To make money
• What was the main focus of English trade before Elizabeth's reign?

  Trade with other European countries
• Why did the English want to find direct routes to India and the Far East?

  To cut out middlemen and increase profits
• Who made notable attempts to find a direct route to India and China?

  Sir Martin Frobisher
• What was the purpose of the Muscovy Company established in 1555?

  To monopolize trade with Moscow
• When was the East India Company established?

  1600
• What products did the East India Company bring to England?

  Spices, silks, and porcelain
• What cultural practices did Ralph Fitch observe in India?

  Worship of cows and non-violence
• Who authorized John Hawkins to kidnap West Africans in 1564?

  The queen
• What was significant about Hawkins' involvement in the slave trade?

  First Englishman to carry out the entire process
• How did demand for slaves grow during Elizabeth's reign?

  Needed for land work in the Americas
• What role did John Hawkins play in the Royal Navy?

  Built up the Royal Navy
• What was one of Hawkins' contributions to England after his voyages?

  Introduced tobacco to England
• What were the key developments in trade and exploration during Elizabethan England?

  • Establishment of trade companies (Muscovy, Eastland, Levant)
  • Direct trade routes to India and the Far East
  • Increased income from trade and exploration
  • Growth of the slave trade
• What were the impacts of exploration and trade in Asia on Elizabethan England?

  • Increased wealth and power for England
  • Establishment of trade networks
  • Introduction of exotic goods to England
  • Foundations for future dominance in global trade
• What were the motivations behind English voyages during the Elizabethan era?

  • Desire for wealth through trade
  • Competition with other European nations
  • Exploration of new territories
  • Expansion of influence and power
• What was the significance of John Hawkins in the context of Elizabethan trade?

  • Key figure in the slave trade
  • Built the Royal Navy
  • Introduced tobacco to England
  • Respected military leader against the Spanish Armada
• Who were notable figures in Elizabethan voyages?

  Drake, Raleigh, and Hawkins
• What was the impact of voyages by men like Drake and Hawkins?

  They brought England wealth, power, and territory
• What role did John Hawkins play in the navy?

  He built up and commanded the navy
• What significant action did Hawkins take in 1562/3?

  He sailed over 400 Africans to South America
• How did exploration contribute to England's wealth?

  By raiding Spanish ships and establishing trade
• What new products were brought to England through exploration?

  Spices, silks, and porcelain
• What was unique about Hawkins' involvement in the slave trade?

  He was the first Englishman to participate
• What was the purpose of the Levant Company?

  To deal exclusively with trade in Turkey
• When was the East India Company established?

  In 1600
• How did the slave trade affect England's economy?

  It brought significant wealth to individuals
• What does Interpretation A suggest about the purpose of exploration?

  It suggests exploration aimed for wealth and plunder
• What are the benefits of Elizabethan voyages of exploration for England?

  • Increased wealth through raiding and trade
  • Establishment of new trading companies
  • Direct trade with Asia, cutting out middlemen
  • Introduction of new products to England
  • Growth of naval power and military strength
• What should students create to revise key dates of exploration?

  An Exploration and Trade timeline
• What key years should be included in the timeline for exploration?

  1564, 1580, 1587, 1600
• How should students approach the interpretation of exploration in exams?

  By comparing it with their own knowledge
• What is important about the Elizabethan voyages of discovery?

  They expanded England's wealth and influence
• Who were the English 'sea dogs' during the Elizabethan period?

  Explorers leading voyages of exploration
• What was a significant outcome of the rivalry between European powers in the sixteenth century?

  Expansion of world trade
• What are the three main branches to summarize Elizabethan exploration?

  • Causes: Reasons for exploration
  • Achievements: Specific examples of explorers
  • Consequences: Effects on England's reputation and wealth
• What luxury goods were in high demand from the East during the sixteenth century?

  Spices, silks, cottons, perfumes