PMT

• What is sustainable development?

  Development meeting current needs without compromising future
• How is potable water produced in the UK?

  By choosing a source, filtering, and sterilising
• What are the sterilising agents for potable water?

  Chlorine, ozone, or ultraviolet light
• Why is chlorine monitored when used in water sterilisation?

  Because chlorine is a toxic gas
• What is the advantage of using ultraviolet light for sterilisation?

  It avoids adding chemicals to the water
• How is desalination carried out?

  By distillation or reverse osmosis
• What is reverse osmosis?

  Passing seawater through a membrane under pressure
• What is required for reverse osmosis to work?

  High pressure to push water through the membrane
• How is wastewater produced?

  From urban lifestyles and industrial processes
• What is required for treating sewage and agricultural wastewater?

  Removal of organic matter and harmful microbes
• What does industrial wastewater treatment require?

  Removal of organic matter and harmful chemicals
• What are the processes involved in sewage treatment?

  Screening, sedimentation, anaerobic digestion, aerobic treatment
• What do new mining methods avoid?

  Avoid digging and disposing of large rock amounts
• What is phytomining?

  Using plants to absorb metal compounds from soil
• What is bioleaching?

  Using bacteria to produce leachate solutions
• What is the main advantage of phytomining and bioleaching?

  They need less energy than traditional methods
• What is the main disadvantage of phytomining and bioleaching?

  They are slow to carry out
• What are the stages of Life Cycle Assessments (LCAs)?

  Extracting, manufacturing, use, disposal
• How do we reduce the use of resources?

  By reducing, reusing, and recycling materials
• What are the advantages of recycling?

  Less pollution, conserved energy, less waste
• What are the disadvantages of recycling?

  Collection problems, transport costs, sorting difficulties
• What is corrosion?

  Destruction of materials by chemical reactions
• How can corrosion be prevented?

  By applying a barrier coating like paint
• What is sacrificial protection?

  Using a more reactive metal to prevent corrosion
• How does sacrificial protection work?

  The more reactive metal corrodes instead of the less reactive one
• What is bronze made of?

  An alloy of copper and tin
• What is brass made of?

  An alloy of copper and zinc
• What are the uses of bronze and brass?

  • Bronze: statues and decorative objects
  • Brass: water taps and fittings
• What are the uses of gold and silver?

  • Gold: jewelry, electronics, and dentistry
  • Silver: jewelry, cutlery, and photography
• What are the uses of copper and zinc?

  • Copper: electrical wiring and plumbing
  • Zinc: galvanizing steel and making alloys
• What are the uses of aluminum-magnesium and steels?

  • Aluminum-magnesium: lightweight structures and vehicles
  • Steels: construction, tools, and machinery
• What is the purpose of electroplating?

  To prevent air or water contact with metal
• Why is zinc used to galvanize iron?

  Zinc is more reactive than iron
• What are the main components of bronze and brass?

  • Bronze: Copper and tin
  • Brass: Copper and zinc
• What is the use of gold in jewelry?

  Gold is usually an alloy with other metals
• How is the purity of gold measured?

  In carats, with pure gold as 24 carat
• What are aluminium-magnesium alloys used for?

  They are used in aerospace manufacturing
• What are the properties of high carbon and low carbon steel?

  • High carbon steel: Strong but brittle
  • Low carbon steel: Softer and easily shaped
• How do the properties of polymers depend on their monomers?

  They depend on the monomers and production conditions
• What are the two types of poly(ethene)?

  Low density (LD) and high density (HD)