3.7A Economic and social measures

• development gap = the widening difference in levels of development between the world's richest and poorest countries. 
• Lorenz Curve = Shows inequality in a graph form

  • assumes that 10% of the population would have 10% wealth
  • Line equality = perfect equality - no inequality
  • shows how much equality exists

  
• GINI coefficient = A/(A+B) where A is the area over the Lorenz curve and B is the area under the Lorenz curve.

  -> Value 0 to 100 (0 = perfect equality)

  -> Used by the world bank

  
• Single indices = measure one variable
• composite Indices = measure more than one variable
• income per capita = The value of a country's income, divided by the number of people in that country.
• economic sector balance = considers all four main economic sectors - Primary, Secondary, Tertiary, Quaternary - and describes the composition of a country's industry
• HDI = Human Development Index - a composite measure of development that combines life expectancy, education and GDP per capita
• GII = measurement of gender inequality using three dimensions: reproductive health, empowerment and the labour market
• Air pollution indices = amount of harmful substances that in the areas atmosphere