PIH TO INCOMPETENT CERVIX

• What is the definition of preeclampsia?


  A hypertensive disorder developing after 20 weeks
• What characterizes eclampsia?

  Onset of seizure activity
• How is gestational hypertension defined?

  Blood pressure ≥ 140/90 mm Hg
• When does hypertension typically develop in pregnancy?

  During the last half of pregnancy
• What is the incidence of pregnancy-induced hypertension?

  7% to 10% of all pregnancies
• What is the known cause of pregnancy-induced hypertension?

  The cause is unknown
• What is the pathophysiology of preeclampsia?

  A multisystem, vasospastic disease process
• What are the classic signs of preeclampsia?

  Elevated BP, proteinuria, edema, weight gain
• What is considered elevated blood pressure in preeclampsia?

  Above 120/80 mm Hg exceeding 140/90 mm Hg
• What is the significance of proteinuria in preeclampsia?

  Indicates kidney involvement in the disorder
• What is the recommended weight gain during the second trimester for mild preeclampsia?

  2 lbs per week
• What are some other signs and symptoms of preeclampsia?

  Pounding headache, dizziness, fatigue, blurred vision
• What is oliguria in the context of preeclampsia?

  Less than 120 ml in 4 hours
• What is the nursing management for preeclampsia?

  Well-balanced diet, sodium restriction, rest
• What should be monitored in a patient with preeclampsia?

  Intake and output, edema, severe headache
• What are the classifications of pregnancy-induced hypertension?

  Pre-eclampsia, severe pre-eclampsia, eclampsia
• What defines mild preeclampsia?

  BP of 140/90 mm Hg with 1+ proteinuria
• What characterizes severe preeclampsia?

  BP of 160/100 mm Hg with 3+ proteinuria
• What is the blood pressure in eclampsia?

  210/100 mm Hg
• What is the nursing priority during an eclamptic seizure?

  Establish airway and ensure oxygenation
• What is magnesium sulfate used for in eclampsia?

  To treat and prevent seizures
• What are the signs of magnesium sulfate toxicity?

  BURP: BP decreased, urine output decreased
• What must be at the bedside for magnesium sulfate administration?

  Calcium gluconate as antidote
• What should be done during a convulsion in a patient?

  Never leave the patient alone
• What are the signs of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM)?

  Polyphagia, polydipsia, polyuria
• When is the screening test for GDM performed?

  At 26th to 28th weeks gestation
• What is the normal fasting blood sugar level?

  60-100 mg/dl
• What is the significance of the glucose tolerance test?

  To assess blood glucose levels during pregnancy
• What is the normal result for the glucose tolerance test?

  100 mg/dL
• What is the result of HbA1c indicating good control?

  6 to 9
• What is the risk of gestational diabetes mellitus?

  Increased risk of complications for mother and baby
• What are the types of diabetes mentioned?

  Type 1 and Type 2 diabetes
• What is the nursing management for gestational diabetes mellitus?

  Early detection, modify diet, insulin if uncontrolled
• What are the classic signs and symptoms of preeclampsia?

  • Elevated BP above 140/90 mm Hg
  • Proteinuria on dipstick
  • Edema in face, hands, and ankles
  • Sudden weight gain
• What are the classifications of preeclampsia?

  1. Mild preeclampsia
  2. Severe preeclampsia
  3. Eclampsia
• What are the nursing interventions during a convulsion?

  • Ensure safety: side rails up
  • Maintain patent airway
  • Monitor duration and progress
  • Never leave the patient alone
• What are the risk factors for gestational diabetes mellitus?

  • Family history of diabetes
  • Obesity
  • Rapid hormonal changes
  • Stress and lifestyle factors
• What are the complications associated with gestational diabetes mellitus?

  • Blindness (diabetic retinopathy)
  • Circulatory issues
  • Kidney damage
• What should be done if glucose level is below normal before insulin administration?

  Delay administration
• What can hypoglycemia lead to?

  Coma