hardy weinberg

• What mathematical model is discussed in the video?

  The Hardy-Weinberg mathematical model
• What is the purpose of the Hardy-Weinberg principle?

  To predict allele frequencies in a population
• What are the three key terms related to the Hardy-Weinberg principle?

  • Gene pool
  • Population
  • Allele frequency
• What does the gene pool represent?

  All alleles of all genes in a population
• How is the population defined in the context of Hardy-Weinberg?

  All individuals of one species in one area
• What is allele frequency?

  Proportion of an allele within the gene pool
• What is the final answer format in Hardy-Weinberg calculations?

  Decimal or percentage, as specified
• What is a common exam question related to the Hardy-Weinberg model?

  Whether the model is accurate
• What assumption does the Hardy-Weinberg model make about allele frequency?

  No change from one generation to the next
• What are the assumptions of the Hardy-Weinberg model?

  • No migration (immigration/emigration)
  • No mutations creating new alleles
  • No selection for survival advantages
  • Random mating
  • Large population size
• Why is the Hardy-Weinberg model not perfectly accurate?

  Real populations rarely meet all assumptions
• What are the two equations used in the Hardy-Weinberg model?

  P² + 2PQ + Q² = 1 and P + Q = 1
• What does P represent in the Hardy-Weinberg equations?

  Frequency of the dominant allele
• What does Q represent in the Hardy-Weinberg equations?

  Frequency of the recessive allele
• What does P² represent in the Hardy-Weinberg equations?

  Homozygous dominant genotype frequency
• What does Q² represent in the Hardy-Weinberg equations?

  Homozygous recessive genotype frequency
• What does 2PQ represent in the Hardy-Weinberg equations?

  Heterozygous genotype frequency
• How do you convert a percentage to a decimal for Hardy-Weinberg calculations?

  Divide the percentage by 100
• If 0.02% of the population has cystic fibrosis, what is Q²?

  0.0002
• How do you calculate Q from Q²?

  Take the square root of Q²
• If Q is 0.01, what is P?

  0.99
• How do you calculate the proportion of carriers in a population?

  Use the formula 2PQ
• If P is 0.98 and Q is 0.02, what is 2PQ?

  0.0392
• How do you express 0.0392 as a percentage?


  3.92%
• What steps should you follow for Hardy-Weinberg calculations?

  1. Write out the Hardy-Weinberg equations.
  2. Identify given information.
  3. Calculate P and Q.
  4. Determine what to calculate (e.g., 2PQ).
  5. Perform the calculation.
• What is the significance of the Hardy-Weinberg principle in biology?

  • Predicts allele frequencies
  • Assesses genetic variation
  • Provides a baseline for evolution studies
• Where can students find more practice questions on Hardy-Weinberg?

  Miss Esther's website
• What should students do if they find the Hardy-Weinberg concept challenging?

  Watch the worked examples again
• What is the percentage of the UK population suffering from cystic fibrosis?

  0.02%
• If 36% of beetles are black, what is Q²?

  0.36
• If 64% of beetles are red, what is P² + 2PQ?

  0.64
• If Q is 0.6, what is P?

  0.4
• If the proportion of heterozygous beetles is 0.48, what is the percentage?

  48%
• What is the importance of writing out the Hardy-Weinberg equations before calculations?

  It helps avoid mistakes in calculations
• What is the significance of the thumbs up at the end of the video?

  Indicates helpfulness of the video
• What should you do if the question does not specify the answer format?

  Provide either decimal or percentage
• How do you determine the frequency of the dominant allele?

  Use the formula P = 1 - Q
• If the frequency of the recessive allele is 0.02, what is the frequency of the dominant allele?

  0.98
• Why is it important to understand the Hardy-Weinberg principle in biology?

  It helps in understanding population genetics
• What is the total of P and Q in Hardy-Weinberg equations?

  1