3.8A Racial tensions

• Diaspora = a community of people who share a national or ethical identity away from their homeland
• Global driver of culturally mixed societies:

  • Open borders
  • deregulation
  • FDI
• Open borders:

  • EU citizens are free to move around the UK
  • Accelerated after less wealthy countries joined the EU
  • -> Poland and Slovakia where migrants usually remain concentrated in enclaves, creating diaspora communities
  • 2020, 35% of Londons 8Mn population, where born in another country
• Deregulation = the freedom to invest in business or transfer capital

  • removal of any barriers to invest money
  • no government approval needed
  • no restrictions for for financial institutions
  • any bank or individual can trade in shares without having to use the London stock exchange
• FDI:

  • in 2015, London attracted 35% of all companies who moved their European headquarters into the UK
  • Leading recipient of FDI from France, Japan, Australia, Canada, India and Ireland
  • UK is driving projects in research and development to attracting many TNCs
• Post-accession migration = The flow of economic migrants after a country has joined the EU.
• Pros of migration:

  • Skill gaps filled
  • Low wage migrants fill labour shortages
  • multiplier effect (consumption)
  • Help balance an aging population - more taxpayers
  • Multiculturalism
• Cons of migration:

  • Feeling of unease in communities
  • More extreme political parties
  • lead to competition for jobs and depressed wages
  • extra strain on services (housing, education and infrastructure)
• Political tensions from Globalisation:

  • Globalisation has encouraged migration, now roughly 13% of the UKs population were born outside the UK
  • British people are now in a minority in London.
  • -> Causing more extreme political parties
• Populist parties = founded upon the exclusion and threat of immigrants

  -> been rising since WW1

  -> be found in most countries

  -> e.g. UKIP
• Rising racial tensions:

  • Rising populist parties in recent years such as UKIP
  • Political tensions in places like Paris, due to French artist making racial jokes about arabic people
• Trans water conflicts = a location that experience mass demand for water, diminishing supply, causing conflicts to arise
• Environmental tensions = climate change will cause inter-communal conflict when communities cannot meet their basic needs as a function of the earths diminished carrying capacity
• Trans-boundary water conflicts = basins and aquifers link population and different areas and supports the income and livelihoods of millions of people world wide.