Uses of monoclonal antibodies

• What are monoclonal antibodies?

  Identical copies of one type of antibody
• Why are monoclonal antibodies useful in medicine and research?

  They target specific molecules effectively
• What is the process of making monoclonal antibodies?

  1. Inject mouse with specific antigen
  2. Mouse produces B-lymphocytes
  3. Fuse B-lymphocytes with tumor cells to create hybridoma
  4. Clone hybridoma cells for monoclonal antibodies
  5. Collect and purify monoclonal antibodies
• What hormone do pregnancy tests detect?

  hCG (human chorionic gonadotropin)
• How do pregnancy tests indicate pregnancy?

  Colored line appears if hCG is present
• How do monoclonal antibodies help in diagnosing diseases?

  They bind to specific antigens on pathogens
• How can monoclonal antibodies be tagged for disease diagnosis?

  With fluorescent dyes or radioactive markers
• What are the three ways monoclonal antibodies can treat cancer?

  Block growth signals, carry drugs, trigger immune system
• How do monoclonal antibodies block growth signals in cancer treatment?

  They stop signals that promote tumor growth
• How do monoclonal antibodies deliver toxic drugs to cancer cells?

  By attaching to chemotherapy drugs or radiation
• How do monoclonal antibodies help the immune system recognize cancer cells?

  They mark cancer cells for white blood cells
• What do some monoclonal antibodies bind to in blood clots?

  Proteins in blood clots
• How do monoclonal antibodies help locate blood clots?

  A radioactive marker is attached to the antibody
• How are monoclonal antibodies used in detecting plant diseases?

  In testing kits for specific plant diseases
• What are the advantages and disadvantages of monoclonal antibodies?

  Advantages:

  • Highly specific targeting
  • Direct drug delivery reduces healthy cell damage
  • Useful for early disease diagnosis

  
  

  Disadvantages:

  • Initial side effects like fever and allergies
  • Expensive to produce in large quantities
  • Ethical concerns regarding animal cell use
• Why are monoclonal antibodies important in medicine?

  They provide targeted treatments and accurate diagnoses
• What is a future potential for monoclonal antibodies?

  Development for new medical applications