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Biology
biology paper 2
variation and evolution
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Created by
Grace Abodunwa
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Cards (25)
What can lead to huge variation between individuals?
Differences in
genes
and
environment
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What is the process that can lead to the evolution of new species?
Natural selection
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What do we call the differences among individuals in a population?
Variation
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What describes the observable characteristics of an individual?
Phenotype
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What two factors interact to determine a phenotype?
Genes
and
environment
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What do genes code for?
Proteins
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What is a genome?
All of an organism's
genes
combined
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Who has a unique genome apart from identical twins?
Everyone
in the world
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How can identical twins differ in height?
Due to
differences
in
diet
and sleep
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What can cause skin color differences in identical twins?
Exposure to sunlight
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What influences most of our traits?
Interaction
of
genes
and
environmental
factors
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What is a mutation?
A change in the
DNA
code
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What is the effect of most mutations on phenotypes?
They don't change the phenotype
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What can beneficial mutations do?
Make individuals more resistant to
diseases
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Who proposed the idea of survival of the fittest?
Charles Darwin
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What did Darwin notice about certain traits?
They were passed on from
parent
to
child
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What is natural selection?
Process where
fittest
individuals survive
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What does evolution describe?
Inheritance of
characteristics
over
generations
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What does the theory of evolution imply about current species?
They evolved from
different species
in the past
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How long ago did simple life forms first develop?
More than
3 billion
years
ago
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What evidence supports Darwin's theory of evolution?
Development of
antibiotic resistance
in bacteria
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What do fossil records provide evidence for?
Evolution
over time
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What is the summary of evolution through natural selection?
Evolution occurs through natural selection
Genetic changes
lead to
advantageous
phenotypes
Over time,
populations
may become distinct
New
species
can form when
interbreeding
is impossible
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What happens when two populations can no longer interbreed?
A new
species
is formed
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What is the significance of the phrase "survival of the fittest"?
It highlights the role of
advantageous
traits
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