minerals

• Minerals are Natural
• Minerals are Crystalline. They have a regular crystal shape or pattern.
• Minerals are Inorganic. Not a plant.

  Not a living organism. It is part of the Earth and as old as it.
• Since minerals are inorganic(does not contain a carbon) Diamond and Graphite is only the exception to this rule which are both made out of carbon


  Since minerals do not contain carbon, then what are the two minerals that are exempted from the chemical structure law in which both are entirely made out of carbon?
• The elements that make up a mineral are always in a fixed, systematic, and repeating structure.
• Amorphous Rock, atoms are randomly arranged
• Mohs hardness scale, named after the German geologist and mineralogist Friedrich Mohs
• Talc, composed of magnesium, silicon, oxygen, and hydrogen. often combined with corn starch, is used as baby powder. Moh’s Hardness Scale: 1
• Gypsum, soft sulfate mineral composed of calcium sulfate dihydrate. used as a fertilizer and as the main constituent in many forms of plaster, and drywall. Moh’s Hardness Scale: 2
• Calcite, one of the most common minerals. It occurs in a great variety of shapes and colors. Chalk is composed of this mineral. Moh’s Hardness Scale: 3
• Fluorite, is the mineral form of calcium fluoride, CaF₂. This mineral is mostly used in glass, telescopes, and camera lenses. Moh’s Hardness Scale: 4
• Apatite, most common phosphate mineral. source of phosphate in the manufacture of fertilizer and in other industrial uses. Mohs rating of 5 comparable to the hardness of teeth; it can be easily scratched.
• Orthoclase, one of the most abundant rock-forming minerals of the continental crust. It is a raw material used in the production of glass, ceramic tile, porcelain, etc. This mineral is more of a “collectors gem” Mohs hardness of 6
• Quartz is a hard, crystalline mineral composed of silica (silicon dioxide). It is the most abundant mineral in Earth's crust and is resistant to both chemical and physical weathering. Moh’s Hardness Scale: 7
• Topaz, is a silicate mineral of aluminum and fluorine. It is used as a gemstone in jewelry and other adornments. Moh’s Hardness Scale: 8
• Corundum, is a rock-forming mineral that is found in igneous, metamorphic, and sedimentary rocks. it is sometimes found as beautiful transparent crystals in many different colors. perfect material for cutting gemstones. Moh’s Hardness Scale: 9
• Corundum is also known as Ruby and Sapphire
• Diamond is a rare, naturally occurring mineral composed entirely of carbon. surrounded by four other carbon atoms and connected to each of them by strong covalent bonds - the strongest type of chemical bond. hardest known natural substance. 
• Refraction, the bending of light or sound as it passes through something like a wall (sound) or a window (light)
• 5 CHARACTERISTICS/PROPERTIES THAT ALL MINERALS MUST HAVE: Naturally occurring, Solid, Inorganic , Crystalline structure , The same chemical composition