Eukaryotic Cells

• The development and concepts of 'Cell Theory' are understood by the end of this session.
• The development and concepts of 'Cell Theory' are understood by the end of this session.
• Different microscopes are available for cell visualisation and their limitations are understood by the end of this session.
• Different microscopes are available for cell visualisation and their limitations are understood by the end of this session.
• Organelles in animal, plant and bacterial cells are identified and their structure and function are described.
• Organelles in animal, plant and bacterial cells are identified and their structure and function are described.
• All living matter, from the simplest of the unicellular organisms to the very complex higher plants and animals is composed of cells.
• All living matter, from the simplest of the unicellular organisms to the very complex higher plants and animals is composed of cells.
• Each cell can live and act on its own but also function as an integral part of the complete organism.
• Each cell can live and act on its own but also function as an integral part of the complete organism.
• Cells are the basic building blocks of life.
• Cells are the basic building blocks of life.
• All cells come from pre-existing cells.
• All cells come from pre-existing cells.
• Eukaryotic cells are generally much larger than prokaryotic cells and are characterized by having DNA in a nucleus that is bounded by a membranous nuclear envelope, membrane-bound organelles, and cytoplasm in the region between the plasma membrane and nucleus.
• Eukaryotic cells are generally much larger than prokaryotic cells and are characterized by having DNA in a nucleus that is bounded by a membranous nuclear envelope, membrane-bound organelles, and cytoplasm in the region between the plasma membrane and nucleus.
• Cells and many of the organelles inside them are surrounded by membranes, which have a range of functions.
• Cells and many of the organelles inside them are surrounded by membranes, which have a range of functions.
• The structure of all membranes is basically the same and are composed of lipids (mainly phospholipids), proteins and carbohydrates (attached to the phospholipids and proteins).
• The structure of all membranes is basically the same and are composed of lipids (mainly phospholipids), proteins and carbohydrates (attached to the phospholipids and proteins).
• Phospholipids are the major components of the membrane and the molecules automatically arrange themselves into form a continuous double layer 'bilayer'.
• Phospholipids are the major components of the membrane and the molecules automatically arrange themselves into form a continuous double layer 'bilayer'.
• The hydrophilic heads face out towards the water on either side of the membrane and the hydrophobic tails face inwards.
• The hydrophilic heads face out towards the water on either side of the membrane and the hydrophobic tails face inwards.
• These channels are generally too small to allow the passage of virus particles or genomic nucleic acids.
• The chloroplast is a member of a family of organelles called plastids.
• Chloroplasts contain the green pigment chlorophyll, as well as enzymes and other molecules that function in photosynthesis.
• Chloroplasts are found in leaves and other green organs of plants and in algae.
• Photosynthesis is the process that converts solar energy into chemical energy, using the energy of sunlight to make organic molecules from H2O and CO2.
• Stroma is the internal fluid part of the chloroplast which is filled with enzymes.
• Granum (plural grana) is a stack of membranes sacs (thylakoids) which contain the photosynthetic pigments.
• The pigments are chemicals which absorb light energy and convert it to chemical energy.
• The principal pigment is Chlorophyll a.
• A plant cell or fungal cell may have one or several vacuoles, they are rarer in animal cells.
• Vacuoles are storage spaces found in cells, which are membrane bound.
• Vacuoles store food, waste products, even water.
• The vacuoles also can help with cell shape and buoyancy, depending on the cell.
• In a plant cell the central vacuole is usually the largest compartment, it holds organic compounds and water.
• A central vacuole develops from smaller vacuoles that derived from the endoplasmic reticulum.
• The hydrophilic head has a negative charge and is attracted to the water 'hydrophilic'.