Chemistry

• A hydrocarbon is a compound containing only Carbon and Hydrogen
• A functional group is the part of the organic molecule that is largerly responsible for the molecule's chemical properities.
• A homologous series is a Family of Compounds with Same functional group (and therefore similar chemical properties) whose successive members differ by the addition of a -CH2 Group
• The General Formula is the simplest algebraic formula of a member of a homologous series
• The structrual formula is the minimal detail that shows the arrangement of atoms in a molecule
• What is the definition of Aliphatic? Carbon atoms joined to each other in Unbranched/Branched chains or Non-Aromatic Rings
• What is the definition of Alicyclic? Carbon atoms joined to each other in Ring Structures (Cyclic) that can be Unbranched/Branched Prefix: -Cyclo
• What is the definition of aromatic? Some/All of the Carbons are found in a Benzene Ring
• What are the three homologous series of Aliphatic Hydrocarbons? Alkanes - Only single C-CAlkenes - One or more double C=CAlkynes - One or more triple C≡C
• What is an Alkyl group? A functional group that is a hydrocarbon with the general formula CnH2n+1
• The emipirical formula is the Simplest Whole-Number Ratio of the Atoms of each Element present in a compound
• Structural isomers are compounds with the same molecular formula but different structural formula
• What is the General Formula for an Alkane? CnH2n+2
• What is the general formula for an Alkene? CnH2n
• What is the general formula for an Alkyne? CnH2n-2
• What is the general formula for a Haloalkane? CnH2n+1X (Where X is a halogen)
• What is the general formula for an Aldehyde? CnH2nO
• What is the general formula for a Ketone? CnH2nO
• What is the general formula for a Carboxylic Acid? Cn-1H2n-1COOH
• What is the general formula for an Amine? CnH2n+3N
• What is the general formula of an Alcohol? CnH2n+1OH
• Isotopes are Atoms of the Same Element with different Numbers or neutrons and different Masses
• How do you work out the number of Neutrons? Mass Number - Proton Number = Number of Neutrons
• What are Anions? Negative IonsMore Electrons than Protons
• What are Cations? Positive Ions (usually metals)Less Electrons than Protons
• Why is the Charge on an Element 0? Protons = ElectronsPositive Charge = Negative ChargeCharges cancel out
• What particles are in the Nucleus? Protons (P+)Neutrons (N)
• Atomic Number is the Number of Protons in an Atom. Atoms of the same element have the same Number of Protons.
• Isotopes and Chemical Reactions Isotopes have the Same Number of ElectronsNeutrons have No Effect on the ReactionsDifferent Isotopes react in the Same Way
• Relative Isoptopic mass is the Mass of an Isotope relative to 1/12th the mass of an atom on Carbon- 12. On a Scale where the mass of Carbon-12 is 12.
• Relative Atomic Mass (Ar) is the Weighted Mean Mass of an Atom of an Element relative to 1/12th the mass of an Atom of Carbon-12. On a scale where the Mass of Carbon-12 is 12
• What is the formula for Relative Atomic Mass? Ar = ( (%1 x Mr1) + (%2 x Mr2) .... ) /100
• What is the mass-to-charge ratio? M/Z = (relative mass of an ion) / (relative charge on ion)
• How can % Abundance in a Sample be found? Through use of a Mass Spectrometer
• Relative formula mass is the Weighted Mean Mass of the Formula Unit of a Compound compared with 1/12th the mass of an Atom of Carbon-12
• Relative Molecular Mass (Mr) is the Weighted Mean Mass of a Molecule of a Compound compared with 1/12th the mass of an atom of Carbon-12
• Nitrate Ion (NO3)-
• Carbonate Ion (CO3)2-
• Sulfate Ion (SO4)2-
• Hydroxide Ion (OH)-