Digestive system

• What is the main function of the digestive system?

  To break down food for absorption
• What are the three main groups of nutrients humans need?

  Carbohydrates, proteins, and fats
• Why is digestion necessary for humans?

  To break down large molecules for absorption
• What enzyme is released in saliva to help digest carbohydrates?

  Salivary amylase
• What happens to food after it is swallowed?

  It passes down the esophagus to the stomach
• What is the stomach primarily composed of?

  A muscular sac
• What are the three important functions of the stomach?

  Mixing food, producing pepsin, and hydrochloric acid
• What does pepsin do?

  Breaks down proteins
• What role does hydrochloric acid play in the stomach?

  Kills bacteria and activates pepsin
• Where does the food go after the stomach?

  Into the small intestine
• What is the primary function of the small intestine?

  Absorption of digested food
• Which organ produces most of the digestive enzymes?

  The pancreas
• What is the role of bile in digestion?

  Neutralizes stomach acid and emulsifies fats
• Where is bile produced?

  In the liver
• How does bile help in fat digestion?

  By emulsifying fats into smaller droplets
• What adaptations does the lining of the small intestine have for absorption?

  Villi increase surface area and have a good blood supply
• What is the function of villi in the small intestine?

  To increase surface area for absorption
• What happens to the material left in the small intestine?

  It passes into the large intestine
• What does the large intestine do?

  Absorbs excess water and forms feces
• Where is feces stored before removal?

  In the rectum
• What is the order of the digestive process?

  1. Food enters the mouth and is chewed
  2. Saliva is added
  3. Food travels down the esophagus
  4. Food enters the stomach
  5. Food moves to the small intestine
  6. Pancreatic juices and bile mix with food
  7. Nutrients are absorbed into the bloodstream
  8. Leftover material moves to the large intestine
  9. Water is absorbed, forming feces
  10. Feces are stored in the rectum
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