Components of Computer

• Main memory includes RAM and ROM to store program instructions and frequently used data. It is also volatile.
• A bus connects internal components of a computer system consisting of a series of parallel wires. The number of wires is its width and has a direct relationship to the number of bits can be transferred simultaneously.
• The address bus is used to ​transport memory addresses​, specifying where data is to be sent to or retrieved from.
• A computer’s data bus sends ​data and instructions​ to and from the different components of the computer system
• The control bus is used to carry ​control signals​ that regulate the operation of the computer system and the computers internal clock.
• I/O controllers are pieces of ​hardware ​that control the

  communication​ between the processor and ​external hardware devices​.
• In Harvard architecture, the processor will use ​two separate main memory locations​; one for instructions ​and another for data​. It is typically used in embedded systems
• In Von Neumann architecture, both instructions and data are stored together in memory. It is easier to modify data, and data is fully utilised.