Participant and Non-Participant Observation

• What is participant observation?

  Researcher joins a group to study behavior
• How does non-participant observation differ from participant observation?

  The researcher remains passive in non-participant observation
• In what scenario might a psychologist use non-participant observation?

  To study children's social interactions in a park
• Why is non-participant observation beneficial for data collection?

  It allows for objective data collection
• Why does a researcher engage in participant observation?

  To understand behavior from an insider's perspective
• How might a sociologist use participant observation?

  By living with a tribe for months
• What advantage does participant observation provide to researchers?

  It allows for firsthand understanding of social dynamics
• Why does a researcher become an active member of the group in participant observation?

  To understand behavior from an insider perspective
• What can sociologists witness through participant observation?

  Cultural norms and social hierarchies
• What is the role of the researcher in participant observation?

  Active member of the studied group
• What advantage does direct involvement in participant observation offer researchers?

  Discovery of subtle behaviors
• What makes participant observation time-consuming?

  Extended engagement with the group
• How does participant observation provide an insider perspective?

  Researchers become part of the group
• What is the significance of observing and learning alongside the community in participant observation?

  It enhances understanding of community behavior
• What is a key strength of participant observation?

  Insider perspective
• How does living with a tribe help a sociologist in participant observation?

  It allows participation in daily life
• What are the strengths of participant observation?

  • Insider perspective
  • Rich insights from direct involvement
  • Rapport with the group for sensitive information
• Why is participant observation difficult to replicate?

  Subjective nature leads to different interpretations
• What is non-participant observation?

  A research method where the researcher observes from outside
• What are the key aspects of participant observation?

  • Researcher becomes an active member of the group
  • Observes and participates in everyday activities
  • Gains insider's perspective on behavior
• Why might a sociologist need to live with a tribe for participant observation?

  To gain in-depth understanding over time
• What does building trust in participant observation enable researchers to do?

  Observe genuine behavior
• What is the role of the researcher in non-participant observation?

  Passive observer
• How does non-participant observation enhance the reliability of findings?

  It is easier to replicate the study.
• What are the key characteristics of non-participant observation?

  • Researcher observes from outside the group
  • No participation in group activities
  • Passive role in data collection
  • Focus on recording behavior
• What are the key weaknesses of participant observation?

  • Researcher bias
  • Difficult to replicate
  • Time-consuming
• How does non-participant observation differ from participant observation in terms of group dynamics understanding?

  Non-participant observation may miss group dynamics
• What can observational oversights in non-participant observation lead to?

  Incomplete insights about behavior
• Why might a researcher miss subtle behaviors in non-participant observation?

  They do not participate in the group
• What is the primary role of the researcher in non-participant observation?

  To observe and record behavior without involvement
• What is a strength of non-participant observation related to objectivity?

  It avoids influencing behavior during observations.
• What are the strengths of non-participant observation compared to participant observation?

  • Objectivity: Avoids influencing behavior
  • Ease of replication: Structured for reliability
  • Natural setting: Observations in realistic environments
• What is the main difference between participant and non-participant observation?

  Participant observation involves interaction, non-participant does not
• How can participant observation help sociologists develop relationships with group members?

  By building trust through involvement
• How can researcher bias affect participant observation?

  Personal opinions may influence observations
• What are the key characteristics of non-participant observation?

  • Researcher remains outside the group
  • No interaction with participants
  • Systematic observation and recording of behavior
  • Objective data collection in natural settings
• What is a downside of non-participant observation regarding insider perspective?

  Limited insider perspective
• What is the depth of understanding gained from participant observation compared to non-participant observation?

  Deeper understanding vs broader overview
• What is a consequence of observing from afar in non-participant observation?

  Overlooking aspects of behavior
• How does the relationship between the researcher and the group differ in participant and non-participant observation?

  Involved and close vs distant