biology practice test

• 1. mitosis is the process by which the cell nucleus divides into two identical daughter cells
• the three stages of mitosis are prophase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase
• meiosis is the process that produces gametes (sex cells)
• there are two divisions during meiosis
• chromosomes must duplicate and separate during mitosis
• in the prophase of mitosis the cell division begins to process
• in metaphase of mitosis, the chromatid pairs line up in the center of the cell
• by the end of metaphase each chromatid is attached to spindle fiber
• in anaphase of mitosis the spindle fiber pulls the chromatids apart
• in telophase of mitosis the nuclear membrane begins to reform and cleavage furrow begins to form between the two sets of chromosomes
• in prophase of mitosis the nuclear membrane breaks down
• G1 is when organelles are replicated
• S phase is when the DNA is replicated
• in cytokinesis, the two identical cells divide and the cell membrane is completely formed
• all cells are derived from pre existing cells
• meiosis is the type of cell divison which produces gametes
• meiosis begins with diploid cells and produces haploid gametes
• A genome is the complete set of genetic material present in an organism.
• Heredity refers to the passing of genetic information from one generation to the next.
• Genes are segments of DNA (or RNA in some viruses) that serve as the basic units of heredity.
• genetics is the study of heredity and variation
• Chromatin is the complex of DNA and proteins that makes up the genetic material within the nucleus of a eukaryotic cell.
• A kinetochore is a complex protein structure that assembles on the centromere of a chromosome during cell division.
• variation deals with genetic differences between organisms
• Sister chromatids are two identical DNA molecules resulting from the replication of a single chromosome.
• chromatids are the two copies of each chromosome
• two chromatids are attached by a protein disk at a point called a centromere
• mitosis is when one cell divides into two daughter cells
• binary fission is an asexual reproduction where the organisms body separates into two new bodies
• synapsis is the joining of chromosome during meiosis
• haploid cell is the cell with only one copy of each chromosomes
• diploid cell has two sets of chromosomes, one from mother and father