ACC

• Marley was dead, to begin with'

  1) Marley - Contradictory statement - starting a beginning with an end
• Old Marley was as dead as a doornail'


  2) Marley - Humorous simile - based on the main theme of death
• a squeezing, wrenching, grasping, scraping, clutching, covetous old sinner!'

  1) Scrooge - A list of nouns to describe Scrooge's harsh character
• hard and sharp as flint'


  2) Scrooge - A simile to describe Scrooge
• solitary as an oyster'


  3) Scrooge - A simile to describe Scrooge's loneliness
• He carried his own low temperature always about with him'


  4) Scrooge - Imagery
• warning all human sympathy to keep its distance


  5) Scrooge - Scrooge's relationship with human society.
• old Scrooge sat busy in his counting house'


  6) Scrooge - Scrooge's greedy obsession with money
• a time for finding yourself a year older, and not an hour richer'


  7) Scrooge - A description of Scrooge and his obsession
• boiled with his own pudding and buried with a stake of holly through his heart'


  8) Scrooge - Scrooge's views of society
• a kind, forgiving, charitable, pleasant time'


  1) Fred - Fred's views of Christmas
• to decrease the surplus population'


  9) Scrooge - Malthus's theories
• There's more of gravy than of grave about you, whatever you are!

  12) Scrooge - A pun
• Mankind was my business. The common welfare was my business; charity, mercy, forbearance, and benevolence were, all, my business'


  1) Marley's Ghost - Repetition of business
• "good afternoon""i want nothing from you; i ask nothing of you; why cannot we be friends?""good afternoon"


  (stave 1) fred still cares about scrooge even though scrooge does not reciprocatefamily is powerfulquestion is full of emotions - contrasts scrooge who shows little emotions - desperate cry from nephew to uncle
• "in the dark empty house, with not a man, a woman, or a child, to say that he was kind" STAVE 4


  after his death, scrooge realises his loneliness and lack of family
• "to Tiny Tim, who did not die, he was a second father. he became as good a friend, as good a master, as good a man"


  scrooge finally has a family through the cratchitshighlights the importance of familyscrooge's intervention indirectly saves tiny tim's life - shows the wealthy have a big responsibility to help others - could be argued that tiny tim saves scrooge - his death greately affects scrooge and makes him change - implies the apathy of the rich is the main cause of social injustice and suffering in the lower classes
• a solitary child, neglected by his friends'


  surprising character exposition making him sympathetic to the reader. context: neglected children common in victorian era, readers would relate
• father is so much kinder than he used to be, that home's like heaven'


  religious noun 'heaven'powerful simile - highlights the power family can have - emphasises its importancecomparativelack of compassion in their relationship resulted in scrooge's emotional neglect
• "the only one thing in the world more ridiculous than a merry Christmas."


  scrooge sees marrying for love as ridiculousis he like this because he was deprived of love as a child?connotations of scrooge still being affected by the loss of belle and therefore decides that love is worthless (shows that there is a kindness hidden in scrooge - foreshadows his transformation)
• plundered and bereft, unwatched, unwept, uncared for'

  lack of family and isolation has resulted in this, after scrooge's deathtriadic structure to emphasise lack of care in scrooge's death repetition prefix 'un' - reinforces scrooge's isolation - explores possibility of what scrooge could have been if he redeemed himself encouraging the reader to reform
• bright, gleaming room'


  adjectives 'bright' and 'gleaming' connote positivity, joy and energetic christmas festivities - juxtaposes scrooge's office ('darkness is cheap and scrooge liked it!')
• a merry christmas to you uncle! god save you!' - fred


  fred presented as merry/joyfulbreaks dreary tone established (he is scrooge's foil - a character who is presented as a contrast to a second character)despite scrooge being bad-tempered - fred still wants to speak with him (fred is generous + forgiving) - dickens uses fred to convey didactic message that middle/upper class should be charitable/kind/considerate to other classes + their own
• the happiness' that fezziwig 'gives, is quite as great as if it cost a fortune' - scrooge

  fezziwig's joyful christmas celebration reminds scrooge that spreading happiness doesn't have to cost a fortune - possible to partake in festive cheer cheaplycharitable verb 'gives' - fezziwig (middle class) greatly values generosity + sincerity (depicted as embodiment of joy - willingly shares with others)noun 'fortune' - emphasises fezziwig's positivity - equates to substantial amount of money (significant to those in poverty - those who encountered fezziwig would have felt satisfied with his shared joy/content
• precious father' (bob cratchit)


  shows his important to the familyadjective 'precious' - gives value to his position as a father (suggests father figure is central to victorian family life)
• my boys [...] no more work' to-night. Christmas Eve'

  fezziwig portrayed as jovial/generouspossesive pronoun 'my' - he acts as a father figure (+ positive influence - cares for their wellbeing + gives them time off at christmas eve)fezziwig is a business owner like scrooge (difference in treatment of employees)
• thankful in her soul to hear it' but 'she prayed forgiveness in the next moment and was sorry; but the first was the emotion of her heart' (couple with debt to scrooge discovering his death)

  poverty corrupts families with christian virtues - intense need for money to look after eachother ( + to avoid debters prison where dickens' father was sent - destroyed family bond)'soul' - feeling of joy is out of her control - consequence of poverty'prayed' - moral christian valuesshows reader that despite family/community being a joyous thing, it can lead to death + worry when unable to help others (because of financial situation)
• Bob has but fifteen bob a week himself... yet the Ghost of Christmas Present blessed his four-roomed house'

  average weekly wage in victorian era (for man full time 21 worker) was £31/620 shillings (bob only makes 'fifteen bob a week')would except bob's finanical struggle to hinder him and his happiness but he gains joy through family unity/quality timedemonstrates to reader that poverty is not a barrier for happiness'the hungry 40s' - economic depression - slump in trade + bad harvest - corn laws kept price of bread high
• Scrooge - Hard and.......

  sharp as flint
• This quote implies scrooge is a self inflicted loner but also suggests that there's more to him just like an oyster which can be prised open to find a pearl inside.

  As solitary as an oyster
• He carried his .............

  own low temperature with him
• If they'd rather

  die, they'd better do it and decrease the surplus population.
• It's not

  my business
• Are there no.....

  prisons? Are there no workhouses?
• list of negative adjectives that represent Scrooge's misanthropic attitude.

  a squeezing, wrenching, grasping, scraping, clutching, covetous old sinner
• What right do you have to be

  merry? What reason do you have to be merry? You're poor enough.
• I have come to dinner...


  Will you let me in Fred?
• I'll send it

  to Bob Cratchit.
• Therefore I am


  about to raise your salary
• What shall I put you down for?

  Nothing, Scrooge replied.