QUIZ 1

• What is the process of ingestion?

  Using hands to put substances in mouth
• Why are face masks and shields required during COVID-19?

  To protect individuals and prevent virus spread
• What is digestion?

  Breakdown of food into small organic fragments
• What is mechanical digestion?

  Physical breakdown of food into smaller pieces
• What role do enzymes play in chemical digestion?

  They break down food into usable small molecules
• Where does absorption primarily occur in the digestive system?

  In the small intestine
• What percentage of water is absorbed in the small intestine?

  90 percent
• What is the jejunum's role in digestion?

  Most absorption of carbohydrates and proteins occurs
• What is assimilation in digestion?

  Movement of digested food into body cells
• What is the primary function of the liver in assimilation?

  It processes glucose and amino acids
• What is egestion?

  Elimination of indigestible food residue
• What does the colon do during egestion?

  It absorbs most of the remaining water
• What is chyme?

  Partially digested food in the stomach
• What is the capacity of the stomach?

  About 1 liter
• What are rugae in the stomach?

  Folds that contain gastric glands
• How long is the small intestine?

  About 6 meters long
• What are villi in the small intestine?

  Folds lined with epithelial cells for absorption
• What happens to undigested materials in the large intestine?

  They become more solid and are eliminated
• How many organs does the human body contain?

  78 different organs
• What do cells need to perform their duties?

  Energy from nutrients
• How does the digestive system convert food?

  It breaks down bulk foods into simple components
• What role does the circulatory system play in digestion?

  It moves nutrients from intestines to cells
• What does the respiratory system provide for cellular metabolism?

  Oxygen necessary for cells
• How does the excretory system function in waste removal?

  It disposes of unabsorbed food and waste
• What triggers the sensation of hunger?

  Low blood glucose levels and empty stomach
• What does the exocrine part of the pancreas produce?

  Enzymes for nutrient digestion
• How does blood circulation relate to digestion?

  It picks up nutrients absorbed from meals
• What systems are involved in cellular respiration?

  Digestive, cardiovascular, and respiratory systems
• What is the role of glucose in cellular respiration?

  It provides energy for cellular processes
• How does oxygen contribute to cellular respiration?

  It is necessary for breaking down glucose
• What happens to carbon dioxide produced in cellular respiration?

  It leaves the body through the respiratory system
• What is the minimum requirement for cellular respiration?

  Digestive, cardiovascular, and respiratory systems
• What processes are included in the digestive system?

  Both mechanical and chemical processes
• What are the three sections of the small intestine?

  Duodenum, jejunum, and ileum
• What do sphincter muscles in the stomach do?

  Control food movement in and out
• What is the role of the large intestine?

  Absorbs water and forms feces
• How does the circulatory system function in nutrient transport?

  It transports nutrients and oxygen to cells
• What does the respiratory system do with carbon dioxide?

  Removes it from the body
• What does the excretory system eliminate?

  Waste products not absorbed by the body
• What are the functions of the pancreas?

  Both exocrine and endocrine functions