Humanistic

• When did the humanistic movement develop in America?

  Early 1950s
• What was the humanistic movement termed as?

  The 'third force'
• What did humanism aim to replace?

  Behaviourism and Psychoanalysis
• What are humanistic theories concerned with?

  Human experiences, uniqueness, meaning, freedom, choice
• What is the belief about humans in the humanistic approach?

  All humans are basically good and valued
• What does free will imply in the humanistic approach?

  Humans can make choices independently
• How does humanistic psychology differ from other approaches?

  It claims humans are self-determining with free will
• What motivates humans according to Maslow?

  Needs beyond basic biological survival
• What is self-actualisation?

  The desire to achieve full potential
• What must be met before achieving self-actualisation?

  All four levels of Maslow's hierarchy
• What does Maslow's hierarchy of needs represent?

  A motivational theory displayed as a pyramid
• What are conditions of worth?

  Conditions imposed to earn positive regard
• What does congruence refer to?

  Similarity between ideal self and self-image
• What is the definition of free will in this context?

  The ability to choose how to behave
• What is personal growth concerned with?

  Developing and changing to become fulfilled
• What psychological barriers may prevent personal growth?

  Barriers that hinder reaching potential
• What does Carl Rogers emphasize about individuals?

  They strive to achieve their ideal selves
• What resources does Rogers believe clients have within themselves?

  Resources for self-understanding and self-improvement
• How did Rogers view Freud's approach?

  Freud dealt with the "sick half" of psychology
• What is self-worth according to Rogers?

  What we think and feel about ourselves
• How is self-image defined?

  How we see ourselves, affecting our behavior
• What is the ideal self?

  The person we aspire to be, dynamic and changing
• What is necessary for a healthy sense of self-worth?

  Unconditional positive regard from significant others
• What happens if children receive negative regard?

  They develop low self-esteem
• What is congruence in terms of well-being?

  Consistency between ideal self and actual behavior
• What can lead to low self-worth?

  Greater gap between ideal self and actual self
• What are defense mechanisms according to Rogers?

  Distortion, denial, blocking that hinder growth
• What does Rogers' concept of congruence involve?

  Close alignment of self-concept and experiences
• What is the primary application of the humanistic approach?

  Therapeutic treatment
• What is client-centered therapy (CCT)?

  Encourages positive self-regard and growth
• What is the aim of Gestalt therapy?

  To help clients accept every aspect of themselves
• What does Rogers believe about conditions of worth?

  They create psychological problems for children
• What is the idiographic approach in psychology?

  Studying the individual case rather than groups
• What hinders self-actualisation according to Rogers?

  Failure to meet social expectations
• What is the Q-Sort assessment?

  A method to measure congruence/incongruence
• How does the Q-Sort assessment work?

  Sorting statements into real and ideal self
• What is the scoring method for the Q-Sort?

  Assigning values to ranks in two lists
• What does a score of 100 in Q-Sort indicate?

  Perfect match of self and ideal self
• What is a criticism of the humanistic approach?

  It has a Western cultural bias
• What do humanistic psychologists promote?

  A positive image of the human condition