Cognitive

• How many burgers were eaten by the group?

  Three burgers
• Who were the two mothers and two daughters?

  Grandmother, mother, and daughter
• What has four wings but cannot fly?

  A windmill
• If you have 10 sweets, how many must your friend give you to have 10 more than her?


  Five sweets
• What is the main focus of the Cognitive Approach in psychology?

  • Behavior is determined by information processing
  • Focus on thoughts, beliefs, and attitudes
  • Study of internal mental processes
• What do behaviorists believe about stimulus and response?

  They ignore internal processes
• What do Social Learning Theorists emphasize?

  Mental processes mediate between stimulus and response
• How do cognitive psychologists view behavior?

  As determined by information processing
• What does cognition mean?

  'Knowing'
• What do cognitive psychologists study?

  Thoughts, beliefs, and attitudes
• What is the cognitive approach's view on internal mental processes?

  They can be studied objectively
• What do cognitive psychologists believe about thinking?

  It shapes our behavior
• What are the main internal mental processes studied by cognitive psychologists?

  • Perception
  • Attention
  • Memory
  • Language
  • Thinking
  • Problem solving
• What was the finding of the study on problem-solving with colored ink?

  Green ink made problem-solving slower
• What does 'inference' mean in the context of cognitive psychology?

  Drawing conclusions from behavior
• What do cognitive models help psychologists understand?

  • How people process information
  • Inference of mental processes
  • Development of artificial intelligence
• What are theoretical and computer models in cognitive psychology?

  • Theoretical models: stages of information processing
  • Computer models: brain as hardware, cognitive processes as software
• What is the role of the brain in the computer analogy?

  It is the hardware
• What do cognitive models enhance our understanding of?

  Internal processes
• What are schemata in cognitive psychology?

  Mental structures representing aspects of the world
• How do schemata help us?

  They provide shortcuts to understanding
• What did Bartlett suggest about memory?

  Memory is reconstructive based on schema
• What is cognitive neuroscience?

  • Study of biological structures in cognition
  • Focus on neural processes of memory, attention, perception
  • Investigates brain regions in social cognition
• What techniques have advanced cognitive neuroscience?

  fMRI and PET scans
• Which area of the brain is associated with speech production?

  Broca’s area
• Which area of the brain is involved in language comprehension?

  Wernicke’s area
• Which brain area is linked to episodic long-term memory?

  Hippocampus
• Which brain area is associated with procedural long-term memory?

  Cerebellum
• Which brain region is responsible for visual processing?

  Occipital lobe
• Which brain area regulates emotions?

  Amygdala
• What did researchers find about different types of long-term memory?

  They are located in different brain areas
• What did PET scans reveal about OCD?

  High activity in Orbital Frontal Cortex
• What are the strengths of the cognitive approach?

  • Scientific and objective methods
  • Useful applications in various fields
  • Enhances understanding of mental processes
• What are the limitations of the cognitive approach?

  • Machine reductionism
  • Lacks ecological validity
  • Ignores emotional and social factors
• What are some applications of the cognitive approach?

  • Cognitive development theories
  • Understanding mood disorders
  • Improving memory techniques
  • Enhancing educational methods
  • Therapy applications
• What is the significance of using models in cognitive psychology?

  They help understand internal processes
• What is the role of inference in cognitive psychology?

  To draw conclusions from observable behavior
• What is the importance of controlled research in cognitive psychology?

  It establishes cause and effect relationships
• What is the challenge of using lab studies in cognitive psychology?

  They may lack external validity
• What is the focus of cognitive development theories?

  Stages of cognitive development in children