States of matter

• When heat is applied to solids, the particles gain kinetic energy and vibrate rapidly, which results in intermolecular forces being broken and the solid turning into a liquid.
• Melting is the process in which a solid turns into a liquid.
• Matter is anything that occupies space and has mass.
• A fluid is a gas or a liquid, and is able to flow.
• The melting point is the temperature at which a solid turns into a liquid and it is also the freezing point.
• A pure substance has an exact melting and boiling point.
• Evaporation is the process of liquids changing into gases at the surface of the liquid when it is left with it's surface exposed to the air.
• Sublimation is when a solid turns directly into a gas.
• Boiling is the process in which a liquid becomes hot enough that gas forms within the liquid and not just on the surface.
• The boiling point is the temperature at which a substance boils.
• Condensation is the change of a vapour or a gas into a liquid through cooling.
• Impurities in a substance cause the substance to have a different melting and boiling point
• An atom is the smallest particle of an element.
• Freezing is a liquid being turned into a solid through cooling.
• Diffusion is a process in which particles move from higher concentration regions to lower concentration regions.
• The mass of a molecule is molecular mass.
• Air particles moving in a random motion is called Brownian motion.
• The molecular mass and rate of diffusion are inversely proportional.
• Temperature and molecular mass are the 2 factors of diffusion.
• Molecules with larger masses have slower rates of diffusion than smaller ones.
• A gas has more kinetic energy at high temperatures compared to low temperatures.