Science grade10

• Karbonatlar - CaCO3
• Radio waves are used in Radio/Television signals, the Global Positioning System (GPS), and Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI).
• Microwaves are used in satellite communications because they can penetrate the earth’s atmosphere and are transmitted by an antenna to a satellite which amplifies and retransmits the signal to an antenna in other parts of the world.
• Cellular phones depend on an overlapping network of cells, each with its own tower that receives and sends microwave signals.
• The microwaves in a microwave oven penetrate and agitate the water molecules within the food, creating molecular friction which produces heat that will cook the food.
• RADAR (Radio Detection and Ranging) is a detection system used to determine the range, angle or velocity of objects and can be used to detect aircraft, ships, and the like.
• Infrared remote control (IR remote) uses LED lights to transmit signals to control devices and emits pulses of invisible infrared light.
• Infrared thermal imaging through infrared scanners is used to show the temperature variation of the body, with our body radiating infrared and under infrared cameras, our images appear in a variety of colors.
• Night vision goggles use thermal imaging technology to capture the infrared light being emitted as heat by objects in the field of view.
• Visible Light enables us to see things around us (sun) and gives light to the screen of most electronic devices.
• Optical fibers are used in endoscope, a flexible tube with tiny camera that is used to observe the internal parts of the body.
• Sensitive documents such as credit cards, banknotes, and passports include a UV watermark that is only seen under UV emitting light.
• Ultraviolet light disinfection is one water treatment system that can be used to remove most forms of microbiological contamination from water.
• Some washing powder contains fluorescent chemicals which glow in sunlight, making your shirt look whiter than white in daylight.
• X-rays are produced using an X-ray tube and are emitted when fast moving electrons hit a metal target.
• Long wavelength X-rays can penetrate the flesh but not the bones, making it useful in diagnosing bone fractures.
• Short wavelength X-rays can penetrate through metals, making it useful in airport security scanner.
• Gamma rays are used in treating tumors and cancer through the process called radiotherapy, where the high-energy rays of gamma destroy cancer cells in the area where it is given.
• Gamma rays sterilize surgical instruments because they easily penetrate through materials and the energy they release kills bacteria and other microorganisms.
• Electromagnetic waves, or EM waves, are all transverse waves which oscillate perpendicular to the direction of energy transfer, up and down, and when in a vacuum, they all travel at the same speed of 3 times 10^8 meters per second.
• When in different mediums, electromagnetic waves travel at different speeds, which can lead to a fraction where the wave changes direction.
• Electromagnetic waves can be split into seven basic types: radio waves, microwaves, infrared, visible light, ultraviolet, X-rays, and gamma rays.
• The wavelength and frequency of electromagnetic waves are inversely related, meaning that if one goes up, the other goes down.
• Radio waves have the biggest wavelength and the smallest frequency, while gamma rays have the smallest wavelength but the biggest frequency.
• Human beings can only detect a tiny part of the spectrum, which we call visible light, and the different wavelengths within this region give us all of the different colors that we can see.
• Ultraviolet, X-rays, and gamma rays are all ionizing and can cause damage to our cells, hence they are grouped together.
• Microwaves and radio waves, which are both used in communication, are located on the far left of the spectrum.
• Electromagnetic waves come from everywhere, including radioactive decay, which can cause gamma rays to be emitted, and when electrons drop down energy levels, which can cause visible light, ultraviolet, and X-rays to be emitted.
• When electromagnetic waves are emitted, they can travel across the universe through empty space and when they come into contact with something, they can be either reflected, absorbed, or transmitted, or sometimes a combination of these three might happen.
• Radio waves