RNA structure and function

• What is the monomer that RNA is made up of?

  Nucleotide
• What type of sugar is present in the RNA monomer?

  Ribose
• What are the four possible nitrogenous bases that can be present in RNA?

  Adenine, guanine, cytosine, uracil
• How many phosphate groups are present in the RNA monomer?

  1
• How does the structure of RNA differ from DNA?

  RNA contains ribose instead of deoxyribose, and uracil instead of thymine
• What are the three main types of RNA?

  mRNA, tRNA, rRNA
• What is the function of mRNA?

  It is a copy of one gene from DNA that leaves the nucleus to code for a specific protein
• What is the shape of tRNA?

  Cloverleaf
• What is the function of tRNA?

  It transfers specific amino acids to the ribosome during protein synthesis
• What is the function of rRNA?

  It combines with proteins to form ribosomes
• How does the length of RNA differ from DNA?

  RNA is much shorter than DNA, as it is only a copy of one gene rather than the entire genome
• How does the structure of RNA differ from DNA?

  RNA is single-stranded, while DNA is double-stranded
• What are the key differences between the monomers of RNA and DNA?

  • DNA contains deoxyribose, while RNA contains ribose
  • DNA contains thymine, while RNA contains uracil
• What are the key differences between the polymers of RNA and DNA?

  • DNA is much longer, as it contains the entire genome, while RNA is shorter, as it is only a copy of one gene
  • DNA is double-stranded, while RNA is single-stranded