7organic chemistry

Cards (55)

  • what are natural gas and crude oil made from
    ancient microorganisms (plants and animals)
  • how long does crude oil take to form
    millions of years
  • what 2 conditions are needed to form crude oil
    heat and pressure
  • why is crude oil classed as a finite resource
    made very slowly, limited supply of it
  • where did is crude oil found
    in rocks
  • what is crude oil
    the remains of ancient biomass consisting mainly of plankton that was buried in mud
  • what is the definition of crude oil
    mixture of compounds called hydrocarbons
  • what is the definition for hydrocarbons
    compounds made fro hydrogen and carbon atoms(only)
  • what is an alkane
    simplest type of hydrocarbon
  • what features must a hydrocarbon have to be classed as an alkane
    all single bonds(four), abide by general formula
  • what is the general formula for an alkane
    Cn + H2n+2
  • what does being in the homologous series mean

    group of organic compounds that react in a similar way
  • what are the first four alkane hydrocarbons
    methane, ethane, propane, butane
  • how go you remember the first four alkane hydrocarbons
    Monkeys, Eat, Peeled, Bananas
  • what is the symbol for methané
    CH4
  • what is the symbol for ethane
    C2H6
  • what is the symbol for propane
    C3H8
  • what is the symbol for butane
    C4H10
  • what are the properties of a smaller hydrocarbon chain
    -low boiling point
    -very volatile
    -less viscous(flows easily)
    -ignites easily(flammable)
  • what are the properties of a longer hydrocarbon chain
    -high boiling point
    -not very volatile
    -more viscous(doesn’t flow easily)
    -doesn’t ignite easily
  • crude oil is a fossil fuel. True or false
    true
  • what does being a finite resource mean
    they will eventually be used up and run out
  • why can’t crude oil be used directly as fuel in a car
    crude oil is a mixture of chain lengths so longer hydrocarbon chains may block the engine as are too viscous and not flammable so wouldn’t function
  • what is the process called that is used to seperate crude oil into useful fraction
    fractional distillation
  • what is a ‘fraction’ of crude oil
    smaller sub mixture of crude oil containing hydrocarbons with similar lengths and and properties
  • name the fraction of crude oil from lowest to highest boiling points
    natural gases, petroleum, kerosene, diesel, fuel oil, bitumen
  • which fraction of crude oil is not a fuel ans is used for tarmac
    bitumen
  • describe the process of fractional distillation
    -crude oil is heated until all hydrocarbons evaporate in gas/vapour
    -crude oil is pumped into a column with a temperature gradient of cool at the top and hot at the bottom
    -longer hydrocarbons(chains) have higher boiling points so condense and drain out the bottom early on
    -shorter hydrocarbons(chains) have lower boiling points so they condense at the top but drain out much later on
    -crude oil mixture is seperated into different fraction depending on boiling points
  • what are all the products produced from crude oil an example of
    organic compounds
  • which fraction of crude oil is not very useful and why
    bitumen-longer chain lengths, more vicious, less flammable, poorer fuels
  • why is the process of cracking carried out and what does it do
    method of breaking the bonds in a longer hydrocarbon chain to produce shorter hydrocarbon chains
  • why do we prefer shorter hydrocarbon chain
    can be used for more things in everyday life
  • which is more reactive, akenes or alkanes
    alkenes
  • where does cracking fit into the stages of crude oil processing
    after fractional distillation, left with long and short chain lengths so longer chains undergo cracking
  • what are the two types of cracking
    catalytic cracking
    steam cracking
  • what conditions do you need for catalytic cracking
    high temperature, catalyst
  • what conditions do you need for steam cracking
    high temperature, steam
  • what type of reaction is cracking and why
    thermal decomposition-breaking down substances by using heat
  • describe a catalyst
    substance which speed up the rate of reaction by providing an alternate pathway with lower activation energy
  • define activation energy
    minimum amount of energy needed to start a reaction