1961

• What was the aim of Bandura's 1961 study?

  To see if subjects imitate same-sex role models
• How many boys were tested in Bandura's study?

  36 boys
• How many girls were tested in Bandura's study?

  36 girls
• What was the age range of subjects in Bandura's study? 3 to 6 years old
• How were subjects divided in Bandura's study?

  Into eight experimental groups and a control group
• How many subjects were in the control group of Bandura's study?

  24 subjects
• What types of models were subjects exposed to in Bandura's study?

  Aggressive models and non-aggressive models
• How were the experimental subjects further subdivided in Bandura's study?

  By male and female subjects
• What proportion of subjects observed same-sex models in Bandura's study?


  Half of the subjects in each condition
• What was the remaining proportion of subjects in Bandura's study exposed to?

  Models of the opposite sex
• What happened in stage one of the experiment?

  Children were brought to the room and seated
• What did the experimenter demonstrate to the child in stage one?

  How to design pictures
• Where was the adult model seated during the experiment?

  In the opposite corner of the room
• What was present in the corner where the adult model was seated?

  A five-foot inflatable Bobo doll
• What did the model do in the non-aggressive condition?

  Assembled the tinker quietly, ignoring Bobo
• What occurred in the aggressive condition?

  The model showed aggression to the Bobo doll
• How long did the aggressive condition last before the experimenter entered?

  Ten minutes
• What did the experimenter remind the children about the toys?

  They were her very best toys for other children
• How did the adult model's behavior differ between the aggressive and non-aggressive conditions?

  The aggressive model showed aggression, while the non-aggressive model did not
• What was reserved for the other children in stage two?

  Specific toys
• What was the child's instruction in stage three?

  It could play with any of the toys
• What types of toys were included in the study?

  Non-aggressive and aggressive toys
• Name one aggressive toy used in the study.

  Bobo doll
• How long was the child observed during the study?

  20 minutes
• How were observations recorded during the study?

  At five-second intervals
• How many observations were made for each child?

  240 observations
• What method was used to observe the child during the study?

  Through a one-way mirror
• What are the three measures of imitation mentioned?

  Physical aggression, verbal aggression, non-aggressive verbal responses
• What does imitative verbal aggression involve?

  Repeating phrases like "Sock him, pal"
• Which gender showed more imitative physical aggression?

  Boys showed more imitative physical aggression
• How did boys' imitation of aggressive responses compare to girls' imitation?

  Boys were more likely to imitate aggressive responses
• What is one way behaviors are learned according to the study?

  Behaviors are learned by observations
• How does the gender of the role model affect imitation?

  Males imitate males more if the role model is the same gender
• Which gender showed more verbal aggression?

  Females showed more verbal aggression
• How did females' violence towards the Bobo doll compare to males' violence?

  Females showed less violence towards the Bobo doll