Enhancements of materials

• How do lubricants affect the molding process?

  They reduce viscosity and improve finish
• What is the effect of lowering temperature during molding?

  It saves energy
• What is the role of thermal antioxidants?

  They prevent polymer oxidation and discoloration
• What are pigments used for in polymers?

  To give color and enhance aesthetics
• What is the purpose of antistatics in polymers?

  To prevent dust attraction and increase conductivity
• How do flame retardants work in polymers?

  They help prevent combustion and fire spread
• What is the function of plasticisers in polymers?

  To make them less hard and brittle
• What are fillers used for in polymer products?

  To provide bulk and improve properties
• What is the role of antioxidants in polymers?

  To reduce environmental deterioration from oxygen
• How do UV stabilisers protect polymers?

  They prevent chain breakage due to sunlight
• What is the purpose of biodegradable plasticisers?

  To enhance processing and make plastics easier to break down
• What are biobatch additives used for?

  To reduce degradation in polymers
• How are preservatives used in wood treatment?

  To enhance properties, usually copper-based
• What is the function of natural polysaccharides in wood modification?

  To make wood harder by curing cells
• What is the work hardening process in metals?

  It increases tensile strength by distorting crystals
• What does the annealing process do to metals?

  It makes them less brittle and more ductile
• What is case hardening in steel?

  Hardening the surface with 0.4% carbon
• What is carburizing?

  Changing surface composition to absorb carbon
• What is quenching in metal treatment?

  Rapid cooling of heat-treated metal