Cell Division and Chromosomes

• Where are chromosomes located within a cell?

  In the nucleus
• How many pairs of chromosomes do humans typically have in each cell?

  23 pairs
• What are the two sources of chromosomes in each pair?

  Maternal and paternal
• What is the relationship between chromosomes and DNA?

  Chromosomes are made up of DNA
• What type of molecule is DNA?

  A long molecule
• What type of information does DNA contain?

  Genetic/hereditary information
• What is a gene?

  A section of DNA coding a characteristic
• Which types of cells only have 23 chromosomes?

  Sperm and egg cells
• Why do sperm and egg cells only have 23 chromosomes?

  To create an embryo with 46
• What is the cell cycle?

  Stages of body cells dividing
• What type of cell division is mitosis?

  Division producing identical copies
• What is mitosis used for?

  Growth and tissue repair
• Approximately what percentage of a cell's life is spent in mitosis?

  10%
• What is cytokinesis?

  Cell division
• What are the steps of the cell cycle?

  • Cell grows in mass and size-DNA replicates
  • The chromosomes separate and go through Mitosis
  • The cytoplasm starts to separate via cytokinesis
  • The two separate cells continue to grow like normal
• What is the basic structural and functional unit of all known living organisms?

  Cell
• Which cell organelle contains the cell's genetic material in the form of DNA?

  Nucleus
• What is the structure that carries the genetic information, composed of DNA and proteins?

  Chromosome
• What process occurs during the cell cycle when the cytoplasm separates?

  Cytokinesis