ATP 3.1.6

• What does ATP consist of?

  3 Phosphate groups, ribose, and adenine (Adenine Triphosphate)Does not form polymers
• How is ATP an immediate source of energy

  Unstable bonds between phosphate groups are broken to release high amounts of energy, but releases it in small, manageable amounts) -results in ADP (adenine diphosphate-only two phosphates)Immediate because it’s a one stage process
• Reaction of ATP to ADP and ADP to ATP

  1)the enzyme ATP hydrolase catalyses the exergonic hydrolysis reaction to break the bonds between the phosphate groups, to release energy2)the enzyme, ATP synthase catalyses the endergonic, condensation reaction, uses energy from food to make bonds

  
• Properties of ATP

  -releases energy in small, manageable amounts -one single bond broken-immediate energy source-provides energy for reactions-always readily available because rapidly reformed-very water soluble so transportable-cannot cross cell membranes so always available for cells-requires protein carriers to cross cell membrane
• Roles of ATP


  -metabolic processes-movement-active transport-secretion-activation of molecules
• Types of energy molecules

  -immediate donor of energy-mid-term energy storage molecule-longer-term energy storage molecule
• 3 things ATP is used for


  -respiration -photosynthesis-enzyme-substrate
• Why is ATP is a good source of energy?

  1. Releases relatively small amounts of energy 2. Releases energy instantaneously3. Can be rapidly re synthesised 4. Does not leave cells
• How is ATP re-synthesised in cells?

  ● ATP synthase catalyses condensation reaction between ADP & Pi ● during photosynthesis & respiration