Cell structure 3.2.1.1

• What is a eukaryote? And size?

  Eukaryote=single or multicellular organisms that contain a nucleus and membrane bound organellesSize=10-100 micrometres
• What is a prokaryote? And size?

  Prokaryote=single celled organisms without a nucleus or membrane bound organellesSize=0.1-1 micrometer
• State the relationship between a system and specialised cells.

  Specialised cells → tissues that perform specific function → organs made of several tissue types → organ systems
• Structure of an animal cell

  
• Structure of a plant cell

  
• Structure of a prokaryotic cell

  
• Compare prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells

  
• Diagram of a nucleus

  
• Microscope image of a nucleus

  
• Function of nucleus

  Contains DNA (Genetic material), which controls cell activity and codes for proteins
• structure of nucleus


  -Surrounded by the nuclear envelope.-Contains a Nucleolus (makes ribosomes) and chromatin-Nuclear pores for exit and entrance-Semi permeable double membrane
• Diagram of a mitrochondria

  
• Microscope image of a mitrochondria

  
• Function of mitrochondria

  Site of aerobic respiration to produce ATP
• Structure of the mitrochondria

  -surrounded by a double membrane-inner membrane forms cristae-fluid matrix contains DNA, respiratory enzymes, lipids and proteins
• Diagram of the chloroplast

  
• Microscope image of the chloroplast

  
• function of chloroplast

  site of photosynthesis; convert solar energy to chemical energy
• Structure of the chloroplast

  ● Vesicular plastid with double membrane. ● Thylakoids: flattened discs stack to form grana; contain photosystems with chlorophyll. ● Intergranal lamellae: tubes attach thylakoids in adjacent grana. ● Stroma: fluid-filled matrix.
• diagram of endoplasmic reticulum

  
• Microscope image of the endoplasmic reticulum

  
• Microscope image of smooth vs rough endoplasmic reticulum

  
• Function of smooth and rough endoplasmic reticulum


  Rough=synthesis and transport of proteinsSmooth=synthesis and transport of lipids and carbs
• structure of endoplasmic reticulum


  -Cisternae=network of tubules-Flattened sacs extends from cell membrane through cytoplasm and connects to nuclear envelope
• Diagram of the Golgi apparatus

  
• Microscope image of the Golgi apparatus

  
• Function of the Golgi apparatus

  Modifies and packages proteins for export and synthesises glycoproteins
• Structure of Golgi Apparatus


  -planar stack of membrane bound, flattened sacs cis aligns with rER -molecules are processed in Cisternae -vesicles bud off trans face via exocytosis
• Diagram of a lysosome

  
• Microscope image of a lysosome

  
• Function of a lysosome


  -digests contents of phagosome-exocytosis of digestive enzymes-breaks downs cells
• Structure of a lysosome

  -sac surrounded by a single membrane embedded H+ pump maintains acidic conditions-contains digestive hydrolase enzymes -glycoprotein coat protects cell interior
• Diagram of a ribsome

  
• Microscope image of a ribosome

  
• Function of the ribosome

  Site of protein synthesis via translation
• Structure of the ribsome

  -small subunit=joins amino acids-large subunit=contains mRNA binding site
• Diagram of the vacuole

  
• Microscope image of the vacuole

  
• Functions of the vacuole

  -controls tugor pressure-absorbs and hydrolyses potentially harmful substances to detoxify cytoplasm
• Structure of the vacuole


  Surrounded by a membrane called the tonoplast and contains fluid (cell sap)