History

• Anatomy (ana- = “up”, tome = “to cut”)– anatomy means to dissect, or cut apart and separate, the parts of the body for study
• Physiology (physio = “nature”; -logy = “study”- Studies the “nature”of the human body, the

  science that deals with the functions of the body parts what they do and how they do it or
• Homeostasis - state of being balanced
• Ancient Civilization:

  • Knows the part of internal organ, but with superstitious beliefs.
• Hippocrates -known as the “Father of Medicine”
• Alcmaeon, Acorn (400 BC), Pausanias, Philstion, Empedocles • Categorized part based on dissection of animals

  • Blood with innate heat, carries breath (with soul)
• Hippocratic Corpus- collection of medical works (book),

  • development of medicine, through a delicate blending of the art of healing and scientific observations.
• Aristotle : comparative anatomy

  • Heart as a seat of intelligence

  • The first recorded school of anatomy was in Alexandria from about 300 to the 2nd century BC.
• Galen - discovered arteries and veins functions separately
• Leonardo da Vinci - • Comprehensive illustration of human anatomy.

  • passionately studies the human body. Under cover of the night, he climbs cemetery walls, steals bodies, and drags them into his studio. There, he dissects them and uses them as models for his sculptures.
• Antonie van Leeuwenhoek (1632-1723)

  • Developed microscope • Father of Microbiology
• Modern Anatomy

  • Microbiology

  • Molecular Biology

  • CT Scanner (Computerized tomography)

  • X-Ray machine

  • Ultrasound machine

  • Restriction on cadaver dissection

  • Anatomical models

  • Plastination