Skeletal system

• Skeletal system - The Frame work of the body, consisting of bones and other connective tissues, which protects and supports the body tissue and internal organs.

  Compose of bones, cartilage and ligaments
• Adult Bone consist of 206 bones
• New born baby approximately 270 bones
• •Movement- The skeleton allows movement of the body as a whole and its individual parts.
• •Support and protection- The bones of the skeleton provide support

  for the body and also protects the organs for example, the cranium protects the brain, the ribs protects the lungs and heart, the vertebrae protects the spinal cord and the pelvis protects the sensitive reproductive organs.
• Storage of minerals- the bones themselves are made of

  minerals and act as a mineral store for calcium and phosphorous, which can be given up if the body requires the minerals for other function
• Attachment of muscle- the bones provide surfaces for

  attachment of muscles. This is why bones are often irregular shapes and have bony points and grooves to provide attachment points
• Blood Cell Production- Many Bones Contain Cavities, filled with red bone marrow, which gives rise to blood cells and platelets. Also produces energy
• Red Bone marrow- Produce Red blood cells, platelets and white blood cells
• Yellow Bone Marrow- Yellow Bone marrow produces fat, turns into energy
• Platelets- also called thrombocytes, are tiny blood cells that help your body

  form clots to stop bleeding. If one of your blood vessels gets damaged, it sends out signals that are picked up by platelets. Normal platelet count ranges from 150,000 to 350,000 per microliter of blood.
• CBC (complete blood count) – a test to get your platelet number from a routine blood test
• Long Bones- leg and arm bones
• Flat Bones- Skull, Shoulder blade (scapulae), Ribs, Sternum (breast bone) and patella
• Short Bones- Wrist (Carpal bones) and ankle bone (tarsal bone)
• Irregular Bones- Vertebrae, Sacrum and facial bones
• Axial skeleton - Consist of the bones that form the axis of the body and support and protect the organs of the head, neck and trunk,

  ❑ Consist of 80 bones
• Skull- Protection and frame work of the head
• Sternum- the protection of the heart lungs and blood vessel from physical damage
• Ribs- Protection, support and respiration
• Vertebral column- protection of spinal cord
• Bony frame work of the head and protection of the brain

  •Skull is composed of: 8 cranial bones, 14 facial bones.
• Cranial bones- make up the protective frame of bones around the brain
• Facial bones- make up the upper and lower jaw and other facial structure
• Frontal (1)- forms the forehead
• 2. Parietal (2)- forms the roof and sides of the skull
• 3. Temporal (2)- house the ear
• 4. Occipital (1)- forms the base of the skull and contains the foramen magnum
• 5. Sphenoid (1)- is considered the key bone of the skull where all the bones are connected to it
• 6. Ethmoid (1)- Located between the eyes that forms the part of the nasal septum
• 1. Mandible (1)- forms the lower jaw and the only movable joint in the head that provide the chewing motion
• 2. Maxilla (2)- the bones helps to form the upper jaw, and sides of the nasal cavity. They reduce the heaviness of the skull, support the back teeth and

  help to allow the voice resonate
• 3. Palatine (2)- is a paired of L- shaped bones that form part of the nasal cavity and hard palate. Located between maxilla and sphenoid bone
• 4. Zygomatic (2)- Are the cheek bones, sometimes called malar bone that are responsible for the prominences of the cheeks below and to the sides of the

  eye. (Diagram)
• 5. Lacrimal (2)- most fragile bone of the face and one of the smallest bones In the body. Two surfaces of lacrimal:

  •Nasal surface- Which faces the nose

  •Orbital Surface- which faces the eye socket
• 6. Nasal (2) – two small oblong bones, this sit midline to each other to form

  the bridge of the nose.
• 7. Vomer (1)- form parts of the nasal septum (the divider between the nostrils)
• 8. Inferior concha (2)- bones which make-up the side wall of the nasal cavity,

  is one of the turbinates in the nose. It extend horizontally along the lateral wall of the nasal cavity and consist of lamina spongy bone, curled upon itself like a scroll. (Diagram)
• Sternum - Commonly known as the breast bone, is a long, narrow flat bone that serves as the key stone of the rib cage and stabilized the thoracic skeleton

  ❑Several muscle that move arms, head, and neck have their origins on the sternum.

  ❑ it is located along the body’s midline in the anterior thoracic region just deep to the skin, it is a flat bone about 6 inches length and around an inch wide
• 1. Manubrium- the body of sternum, it forming the handle that holds the blade 􏰀manubrium means “handle”

  􏰀Gladiolus means “sword” 􏰀Xiphoid means “Sword shape”